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作者：Aguiar, Mark; Hurst, Erik
作者单位：University of Rochester; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In this paper, we use five decades of time-use surveys to document trends in the allocation of time within the United States. We find that a dramatic increase in leisure time lies behind the relatively stable number of market hours worked between 1965 and 2003. Specifically, using a variety of definitions for leisure, we show that leisure for men increased by roughly six to nine hours per week (driven by a decline in market work hours) and for women by roughly four to eight hours per week (dri...
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作者：Mortimer, Julie Holland
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：U. S. copyright law effectively prevents direct price discrimination for copyright holders that sell to different markets. In response, these firms can engage in indirect price discrimination. I derive theoretical predictions about the use of indirect price discrimination, and I analyze how optimal pricing strategies differ for different products. Using data on VHS and DVD movie distribution, I find that firms' pricing choices are consistent with the predictions of theory and that firms' use o...
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作者：Bandiera, Oriana; Barankay, Iwan; Rasul, Imran
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Essex; University of London; University College London
摘要：We present evidence from a firm level experiment in which we engineered an exogenous change in managerial compensation from fixed wages to performance pay based on the average productivity of lower-tier workers. Theory suggests that managerial incentives affect both the mean and dispersion of workers' productivity through two channels. First, managers respond to incentives by targeting their efforts towards more able workers, implying that both the mean and the dispersion increase. Second, man...
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作者：Black, Sandra E.; Devereux, Paul J.; Salvanes, Kjell G.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University College Dublin; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Lower birth weight babies have worse outcomes, both short-run in terms of one-year mortality rates and longer run in terms of educational attainment and earnings. However, recent research has called into question whether birth weight itself is important or whether it simply reflects other hard-to-measure characteristics. By applying within twin techniques using an unusually rich dataset from Norway, we examine the effects of birth weight on both short-run and long-run outcomes for the same coh...
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作者：Snowberg, Erik; Wolfers, Justin; Zitzewitz, Eric
作者单位：Stanford University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Analyses of the effects of election outcomes on the economy have been hampered by the problem that economic outcomes also influence elections. We sidestep these problems by analyzing movements in economic indicators caused by clearly exogenous changes in expectations about the likely winner during election day. Analyzing high frequency financial fluctuations following the release of flawed exit poll data on election day 2004, and then during the vote count we find that markets anticipated high...
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作者：Shimer, Robert; Werning, Ivan
作者单位：University of Chicago; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper argues that a risk-averse worker's after-tax reservation wage encodes all the relevant information about her welfare. This insight leads to a novel test for the optimality of unemployment insurance based on the responsiveness of reservation wages to unemployment benefits. Some existing estimates imply significant gains to raising the current level of unemployment benefits in the United States but highlight the need for more research on the determinants of reservation wages. Our appr...
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作者：Sacerdote, Bruce
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：I analyze a new set of data on Korean American adoptees who were quasi-randomly assigned to adoptive families. I find large effects on adoptees' education, income, and health from assignment to parents with more education and from assignment to smaller families. Parental education and family size are significantly more correlated with adoptee outcomes than are parental income or neighborhood characteristics. Outcomes such as drinking, smoking, and the selectivity of college attended are more d...
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作者：Washington, Ebonya
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Both Black and White voter turnout increases 2-3 percentage points with each Black Democrat on the ballot. Given the groups' representations in the population, the White response is numerically greater. Whites of both parties are less likely to vote for their parties' candidate when s/he is Black. The turnout findings are not explained away by voter, election, or politician characteristics. However, the fact that there is no turnout response to Black Republicans suggests that a perception of B...
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作者：Mas, Alexandre
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Several theories suggest that pay raises below a reference point will reduce job performance. Final offer arbitration for police unions provides a unique opportunity to examine these theories, as the police officers either receive their requested wage or receive a lower one. In the months after New Jersey police officers lose in arbitration, arrest rates and average sentence length decline, and crime reports rise relative to when they win. These declines in performance are larger when the awar...
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作者：Antràs, P; Garicano, L; Rossi-Hansberg, E
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Chicago; Princeton University
摘要：How does the formation of cross-country teams affect the organization of work and the structure of wages? To study this question, we propose a theory of the assignment of heterogeneous agents into hierarchical teams, where less skilled agents specialize in production and more skilled agents specialize in problem solving. We first analyze the properties of the competitive equilibrium of the model in a closed economy, and show that the model has a unique and efficient solution. We then study the...
