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作者：Duflo, Esther
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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作者：Dobbie, Will; Song, Jae
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the drivers of financial distress using a large-scale field experiment that offered randomly selected borrowers a combination of (i) immediate payment reductions to target short-run liquidity constraints and (ii) delayed interest write-downs to target long-run debt constraints. We identify the separate effects of the payment reductions and interest write-downs using both the experiment and cross-sectional variation in treatment intensity. We find that the interest write-downs signific...
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作者：Bernhardt, Dan; Buisseret, Peter; Hidir, Sinem
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Warwick; University of Chicago; University of Warwick
摘要：We study -multi-district legislative elections between two office-seeking parties when one party has an initial valence advantage that may shift and even reverse during the campaign; and, each party cares not only about winning a majority, but also about its share of seats. When the initial imbalance favoring one party is small, each party targets the median voter. For moderate imbalances, the advantaged party maintains the centre-ground, but the disadvantaged party retreats to target its core...
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作者：Huo, Zhen; Pedroni, Marcelo
作者单位：Yale University; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We show that the equilibrium policy rule in beauty contest models is equivalent to that of a single agent's forecast of the economic fundamental. This forecast is conditional on a modified information process, which simply discounts the precision of idiosyncratic shocks by the degree of strategic complementarity. The result holds for any linear Gaussian signal process (static or persistent, stationary or nonstationary, exogenous or endogenous), and also extends to network games. Theoretically,...
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作者：Blakeslee, David; Fishman, Ram; Srinivasan, Veena
作者单位：Tel Aviv University
摘要：Worsening environmental conditions threaten to undermine progress in reducing rural poverty. Little is known, however, about the prospects for farmer adaptations to mitigate this threat, in particular through opportunities for income diversification presented by recent non-agricultural growth. We study the effects of increasing water scarcity in India using quasi-random, geologically determined differences in access to groundwater. The drying up of wells results in a precipitous and persistent...
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作者：Ho, Christine; Pavoni, Nicola
作者单位：Singapore Management University; Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：We study the design of child care subsidies in an optimal welfare problem with heterogeneous private market productivities. The optimal subsidy schedule is qualitatively similar to the existing US scheme. Efficiency mandates a subsidy on formal child care costs, with higher subsidies paid to lower income earners and a kink as a function of child care expenditure. Marginal labor income tax rates are set lower than the labor wedges, with the potential to generate negative marginal tax rates. We ...
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作者：Oprea, Ryan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：We study the complexity of rules by paying experimental subjects to implement a series of algorithms and then eliciting their willingness-to-pay to avoid implementing them again in the future. The design allows us to examine hypotheses from the theoretical automata literature about the characteristics of rules that generate complexity costs. We find substantial aversion to complexity and a number of regularities in the characteristics of rules that make them complex and costly for subjects. Ex...
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作者：Fink, Guenther; Jack, B. Kelsey; Masiye, Felix
作者单位：Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+); University of Basel; Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute; University of Basel; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Rural economies in many developing countries are characterized by a lean season in the months preceding harvest, when farmers have depleted their cash and grain savings from the previous year. To identify the impacts of liquidity during the lean season, we offered subsidized loans in randomly selected villages in rural Zambia. Ninety-eight percent of households took up the loan. Loan eligibility led to increases in on-farm labor and agricultural output, driving up wages in local labor markets....
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作者：Johnson, Matthew S.
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：Publicizing firms' socially undesirable actions may enhance firms' incentives to avoid such actions. In 2009, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) began issuing press releases about facilities that violated safety and health regulations. Using quasi-random variation arising from a cutoff rule OSHA followed, I find that publicizing a facility's violations led other facilities to substantially improve their compliance and experience fewer occupational injuries. OSHA would nee...
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作者：Polisson, Matthew; Quah, John K-H; Renou, Ludovic
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Johns Hopkins University; National University of Singapore; University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of Adelaide
摘要：We develop a nonparametric method, called Generalized Restriction of Infinite Domains (GRID), for testing the consistency of budgetary choice data with models of choice under risk and under uncertainty. Our test can allow for risk-loving and elation-seeking attitudes, or it can require risk aversion. It can also be used to calculate, via Afriat's efficiency index, the magnitude of violations from a particular model. We evaluate the performance of various models under risk (expected utility, di...
