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作者：Akhtari, Mitra; Moreira, Diana; Trucco, Laura
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; Amazon.com
摘要：We study how political turnover in mayoral elections in Brazil affects public service provision by local governments. Exploiting a regression discontinuity design for close elections, we find that municipalities with a new party in office experience upheavals in the municipal bureaucracy: new personnel are appointed across multiple service sectors, and at both managerial and non-managerial levels. In education, the increase in the replacement rate of personnel in schools controlled by the muni...
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作者：Mukhin, Dmitry
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：What explains the central role of the dollar in world trade? Will the US currency retain its dominant status in the future? This paper develops a quantitative general equilibrium framework with endogenous currency choice that can address these questions. Complementarities in price setting and input-output linkages across firms generate complementarities in currency choice making exporters coordinate on the same currency of invoicing. The dollar is more likely to play this role because of the l...
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作者：Georgiadis, George; Powell, Michael
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：This paper aims to improve the practical applicability of the classic theory of incentive contracts under moral hazard. We establish conditions under which the information provided by an A/B test of incentive contracts is sufficient for answering the question of how best to improve a status quo incentive contract, given a priori knowledge of the agent's monetary preferences. We assess the empirical relevance of this result using data from DellaVigna and Pope's (2018) study of a variety of ince...
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作者：Hussam, Reshmaan; Kelley, Erin M.; Lane, Gregory; Zahra, Fatima
作者单位：Harvard University; The World Bank; University of Chicago; New York University
摘要：Employment may be important to well-being for reasons beyond its role as an income source. This paper presents a causal esti-mate of the psychosocial value of employment in refugee camps in Bangladesh. We involve 745 individuals in a field experiment with three arms: a control arm, a weekly cash arm, and an employment arm of equal value. Employment raises psychosocial well-being sub-stantially more than cash alone, and 66 percent of the employed are willing to forgo cash payments to continue w...
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作者：Arnold, David; Dobbie, Will; Hull, Peter
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; Brown University
摘要：We develop new quasi-experimental tools to measure disparate impact, regardless of its source, in the context of bail decisions. We show that omitted variables bias in pretrial release rate comparisons can be purged by using the quasi-random assignment of judges to estimate average pretrial misconduct risk by race. We find that two-thirds of the release rate disparity between White and Black defendants in New York City is due to the disparate impact of release decisions. We then develop a hier...
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作者：Allcott, Hunt; Gentzkow, Matthew; Song, Lena
作者单位：Microsoft; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; New York University
摘要：Many have argued that digital technologies such as smartphones and social media are addictive. We develop an economic model of digital addiction and estimate it using a randomized experiment. Temporary incentives to reduce social media use have persistent effects , sug-gesting social media are habit forming. Allowing people to set lim-its on their future screen time substantially reduces use , suggesting self-control problems. Additional evidence suggests people are inattentive to habit format...
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作者：Meager, Rachael
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Expanding credit access in developing contexts could help some households while harming others. Microcredit studies show different effects at different quantiles of household profit, including some neg-ative effects; yet these findings also differ across studies. I develop new Bayesian hierarchical models to aggregate the evidence on these distributional effects for mixture-type outcomes such as household profit. Applying them to microcredit, I find a precise zero effect from the fifth to seve...
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作者：Reny, Philip J.
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Stable matchings in school choice needn't be Pareto efficient and can leave thousands of students worse off than necessary. Call a matching mu priority-neutral if no matching can make any student whose priority is violated by mu better off without violating the pri-ority of some student who is made worse off. Call a matching priority-efficient if it is priority-neutral and Pareto efficient. We show that there is a unique priority-efficient matching and that it dom-inates every priority-neutral...
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作者：Berger, David; Herkenhoff, Kyle; Mongey, Simon
作者单位：Duke University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Chicago
摘要：We develop, estimate, and test a tractable general equilibrium model of oligopsony with differentiated jobs and concentrated labor markets. We estimate key model parameters by matching new evidence on the relationship between firms' local labor market share and their employment and wage responses to state corporate tax changes. The model quantitatively replicates quasi-experimental evidence on imperfect productivity-wage pass-through and strategic wage setting of dominant employers. Relative t...
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作者：DellaVigna, Stefano; List, John A.; Malmendier, Ulrike; Rao, Gautam
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; Harvard University
摘要：We design three field experiments to estimate how workers' social preferences toward their employer motivates their work effort. We vary the pay rates offered to workers, the return to the employer, and employer generosity demonstrated via unexpected gifts. Workers exert effort even without private incentives, but their effort is insensitive to the return to the employer. This is consistent with warm glow but not pure altruism. The gifts have no effect on productivity, but engender extra work....
