Science

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• Final NSF budget proposal details massive cuts AI翻译
  作者：Mervis, Jeffrey
• Budget proposal would kill dozens of active and planned NASA spacecraft AI翻译
  作者：Voosen, Paul
• Direct measurement of the quantum metric tensor in solids AI翻译
  作者：Kim, Sunje; Chung, Yoonah; Qian, Yuting; Park, Soobin; Jozwiak, Chris; Rotenberg, Eli; Bostwick, Aaron; Kim, Keun Su; Yang, Bohm-Jung
  作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Yonsei University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  摘要：The quantum metric tensor is a central geometric quantity in modern physics that is defined as the distance between nearby quantum states. Despite numerous studies highlighting its relevance to fundamental physical phenomena in solids, measuring the complete quantum metric tensors in real solid-state materials is challenging. In this work, we report a direct measurement of the full quantum metric tensors of Bloch electrons in solids using black phosphorus as a representative material. We extra...
• Dehorning reduces rhino poaching AI翻译
  作者：Kuiper, Timothy; Haussmann, Sharon; Whitfield, Steven; Polakow, Daniel; Dreyer, Cathy; Ferreira, Sam; Hofmeyr, Markus; Shaw, Jo; Bird, Jed; Bourn, Mark; Boyd, Wayne; Greeff, Zianca; Hartman, Zala; Lester, Kim; Nowak, Ian; Olivier, Iain; Pierce, Edwin; Rowles, Colin; Snelling, Sandra; van Tonder, Martin; Worth, Ellery; Zowitsky, Hannes; Milner-Gulland, E. J.; Altwegg, Res
  作者单位：Nelson Mandela University; University of Cape Town; Stellenbosch University; University of Cape Town; University of Oxford
  摘要：Across 11 southern African reserves protecting the world's largest rhino population, we documented the poaching of 1985 rhinos (2017-2023, similar to 6.5% of the population annually) despite approximately USD 74 million spent on antipoaching. Most investment focused on reactive law enforcement-rangers, tracking dogs, access controls, and detection cameras-which helped achieve >700 poacher arrests. Yet we found no statistical evidence that these interventions reduced poaching (horn demand, weal...
• Independent oversight crucial to Landsat Next AI翻译
  作者：Roy, David P.; Wulder, Michael A.; Woodcock, Curtis
  作者单位：Michigan State University; Michigan State University; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Boston University; Boston University
• Pre-Columbian Great Lakes farmers transformed the land AI翻译
  作者：Lawler, Andrew
• Is taurine an aging biomarker? AI翻译
  作者：Fernandez, Maria Emilia; Bernier, Michel; Price, Nathan L.; Camandola, Simonetta; Aon, Miguel A.; Vaughan, Kelli; Mattison, Julie A.; Preston, Joshua D.; Jones, Dean P.; Tanaka, Toshiko; Tian, Qu; Gonzalez-Freire, Marta; Ferrucci, Luigi; de Cabo, Rafael
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA); Emory University; Emory University; Emory University; Institut Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa)
  摘要：Low circulating taurine concentrations have been proposed as a driver of the aging process. We found that circulating taurine concentrations increased or remained unchanged with age in three geographically distinct human cohorts as well as in nonhuman primates and mice when measured longitudinally (repeatedly in the same population) or cross-sectionally (sampling distinct populations at various ages). Moreover, considerable variability was observed in associations between taurine and age-relat...
• The complex role of brain cilia in feeding control AI翻译
  作者：Asthana, Anushweta; Jackson, Peter K.
  作者单位：Stanford University
• Archaeological evidence of intensive indigenous farming in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, USA AI翻译
  作者：Mcleester, Madeleine; Ferwerda, Carolin; Alperstein, Jonathan; Overstreet, David; Grignon, David; Casana, Jesse
  作者单位：Dartmouth College; College of Menominee Nation
  摘要：We describe archaeological evidence of intensive ancestral Native American agriculture in the now heavily forested Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Recent LIDAR (light detection and ranging) and excavation data have uncovered densely clustered ancient agricultural raised garden bed ridges covering an expanse far greater than previously realized. These raised agricultural fields are deeply enmeshed in the broader cultural landscape, as ceremonial and other features were also found. Our results demo...
• Structural insights into chromatin remodeling by ISWI during active ATP hydrolysis AI翻译
  作者：Sia, Youyang; Pan, Han; Chen, Kangjing; Chen, Zhucheng
  作者单位：Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University
  摘要：Chromatin remodelers utilize the energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to slide nucleosomes, regulating chromatin structure and gene activity in cells. In this work, we report structures of imitation switch (ISWI) bound to the nucleosome during active ATP hydrolysis and remodeling, revealing conformational transitions of the remodeling motor across the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) cycle. The DNA strands were distorted accordingly, showing one full base-pair bulge and a loss of...