Science

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• Did science reformers play into Trump's hands? AI翻译
  作者：O'Grady, Cathleen
• Antagonism as a foraging strategy in microbial communities AI翻译
  作者：Stubbusch, Astrid K. M.; Peaudecerf, Francois J.; Lee, Kang Soo; Paoli, Lucas; Schwartzman, Julia; Stocker, Roman; Basler, Marek; Schubert, Olga T.; Ackermann, Martin; Magnabosco, Cara; D'Souza, Glen G.
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology (EAWAG); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Physics (INP); Universite de Rennes; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; University of Southern California; University of Basel; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
  摘要：In natural habitats, nutrient availability limits bacterial growth. We discovered that bacteria can overcome this limitation by acquiring nutrients by lysing neighboring cells through contact-dependent antagonism. Using single-cell live imaging and isotopic markers, we found that during starvation, the type VI secretion system (T6SS) lysed neighboring cells and thus provided nutrients from lysing cells for growth. Genomic adaptations in antagonists, characterized by a reduced metabolic gene re...
• Evolutionary-scale enzymology enables exploration of a rugged catalytic landscape AI翻译
  作者：Muir, Duncan F.; Asper, Garrison P. R.; Notin, Pascal; Posner, Jacob A.; Marks, Debora S.; Keiser, Michael J.; Pinney, Margaux M.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; University of Oxford; California State University System; San Francisco State University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：Quantitatively mapping enzyme sequence-catalysis landscapes remains a critical challenge in understanding enzyme function, evolution, and design. In this study, we leveraged emerging microfluidic technology to measure catalytic constants-kcat and KM-for hundreds of diverse orthologs and mutants of adenylate kinase (ADK). We dissected this sequence-catalysis landscape's topology, navigability, and mechanistic underpinnings, revealing catalytically heterogeneous neighborhoods organized by domain...
• Cat1 forms filament networks to degrade NAD+ during the type III CRISPR-Cas antiviral response AI翻译
  作者：Baca, Christian F.; Majumder, Puja; Hickling, James H.; Patel, Dinshaw J.; Marraffini, Luciano A.
  作者单位：Rockefeller University; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Rockefeller University; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Rockefeller University
  摘要：Type III CRISPR-Cas systems defend against viral infection in prokaryotes by using an RNA-guided complex that recognizes foreign transcripts and synthesizes cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) messengers to activate CRISPR-associated Rossmann-fold (CARF) immune effectors. In this study, we investigated a protein containing a CARF domain-fused Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain, Cat1. We found that Cat1 provides immunity by cleaving and depleting oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) ...
• Bacteria poison and eat their neighbors AI翻译
  作者：Nadell, Carey D.; Marx, Christopher J.
  作者单位：Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College; University of Idaho
• The Underland AI翻译
  作者：Dominy, Nathaniel J.
  作者单位：Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College
• Minute-scale dynamics of recurrent dike intrusions in Iceland with fiber-optic geodesy AI翻译
  作者：Li, Jiaxuan; Biondi, Ettore; Heimisson, Elias Rafn; Puel, Simone; Zhai, Qiushi; Zhang, Shane; Hjorleifsdottir, Vala; Wei, Xiaozhuo; Bird, Elijah; Klesh, Andy; Kamalov, Valey; Gunnarsson, Theodor; Geirsson, Halldor; Zhan, Zhongwen
  作者单位：California Institute of Technology; University of Houston System; University of Houston; University of Iceland; Reykjavik University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated
  摘要：Continuous geodetic measurements near volcanic systems can image magma transport dynamics, yet resolving dike intrusions with high spatiotemporal resolution remains challenging. We introduce fiber-optic geodesy, leveraging low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing (LFDAS) recordings along a telecommunication fiber-optic cable, to track dike intrusions near Grindav & iacute;k, Iceland, on a minute timescale. LFDAS revealed distinct strain responses from nine intrusive events, six resulting in ...
• Proposed LIGO cut could snuff out brand new form of astronomy AI翻译
  作者：Cho, Adrian
• Many scientific societies are losing publishing revenue AI翻译
  作者：Brainard, Jeffrey
• Rapid model-guided design of organ-scale synthetic vasculature for biomanufacturing AI翻译
  作者：Sexton, Zachary A.; Rutsche, Dominic; Herrmann, Jessica E.; Hudson, Andrew R.; Sinha, Soham; Du, Jianyi; Shiwarski, Daniel J.; Masaltseva, Anastasiia; Solberg, Fredrik Samdal; Pham, Jonathan; Szafron, Jason M.; Wu, Sean M.; Feinberg, Adam W.; Skylar-Scott, Mark A.; Marsden, Alison L.
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Carnegie Mellon University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Carnegie Mellon University; Stanford University; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI); Stanford University
  摘要：Our ability to produce human-scale biomanufactured organs is limited by inadequate vascularization and perfusion. For arbitrarily complex geometries, designing and printing vasculature capable of adequate perfusion poses a major hurdle. We introduce a model-driven design platform that demonstrates rapid synthetic vascular model generation alongside multifidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations and three-dimensional bioprinting. Key algorithmic advances accelerate vascular generation 2...