Science

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• In-insect synthesis of oxygen-doped molecular nanocarbons AI翻译
  作者：Usami, Atsushi; Kono, Hideya; Austen, Vic; Phung, Quan Manh; Shudo, Hiroki; Kato, Tomoki; Yamada, Hayato; Yagi, Akiko; Amaike, Kazuma; Fujimoto, Kazuhiro J.; Yanai, Takeshi; Itami, Kenichiro
  作者单位：Nagoya University; Nagoya University; Nagoya University; Nagoya University; RIKEN; RIKEN
  摘要：Many functional molecules and materials have been produced with organic chemistry or with in vitro enzymatic approaches. Individual organisms, such as insects, have the potential to serve as natural reaction platforms in which high densities of multiple enzymes can perform new and complex reactions. We report an in-insect unnatural product synthesis that takes advantage of their xenobiotic metabolism. We selectively transform belt- and ring-shaped molecular nanocarbons into otherwise difficult...
• Tellurium nanowire retinal nanoprosthesis improves vision in models of blindness AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Shuiyuan; Jiang, Chengyong; Yu, Yiye; Zhang, Zhenhan; Quhe, Ruge; Yang, Ruyi; Tian, Yufei; Chen, Xindong; Fan, Wenqiang; Niu, Yinge; Yan, Biao; Jiang, Chunhui; Wang, Yang; Wang, Zhen; Liu, Chunsen; Hu, Weida; Zhang, Jiayi; Zhou, Peng
  作者单位：Fudan University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, CAS; Nanyang Technological University; Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications; Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications
  摘要：Present vision restoration technologies have substantial constraints that limit their application in the clinical setting. In this work, we fabricated a subretinal nanoprosthesis using tellurium nanowire networks (TeNWNs) that converts light of both the visible and near-infrared-II spectra into electrical signals. The broad-spectrum coverage is made possible by a combination of narrow bandgaps, strong absorption, and engineered asymmetries. Implanted into blind mice, the TeNWNs restored pupill...
• NIH funding policy deals new blow to HIV trial networks AI翻译
  作者：Reardon, Sara
• How migrating marine megafauna tracks with conservation AI翻译
  作者：Gerber, Leah R.; Davis, Katrina
  作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of Oxford
• Interface morphogenesis with a deformable secondary phase in solid-state lithium batteries AI翻译
  作者：Yoon, Sun Geun; Vishnugopi, Bairav S.; Nelson, Douglas Lars; Yong, Adrian Xiao Bin; Wang, Yingjin; Sandoval, Stephanie Elizabeth; Thomas, Talia A.; Cavallaro, Kelsey Anne; Shevchenko, Pavel; Alsac, Elif Pinar; Wang, Congcheng; Singla, Aditya; Greer, Julia R.; Ertekin, Elif; Mukherjee, Partha P.; McDowell, Matthew T.
  作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University in Indianapolis; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; California Institute of Technology; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  摘要：The complex morphological evolution of lithium metal at the solid-state electrolyte interface limits performance of solid-state batteries, leading to inhomogeneous reactions and contact loss. Inspired by biological morphogenesis, we developed an interfacial self-regulation concept in which a deformable secondary phase dynamically aggregates at the interface in response to local electro-chemo-mechanical stimuli, enhancing contact. The stripping of a lithium electrode that contains 5 to 20 mole ...
• National Academies on brink of dramatic downsizing AI翻译
  作者：Wadman, Meredith
• Gastruloids enable modeling of the earliest stages of human cardiac and hepatic vascularization AI翻译
  作者：Abilez, Oscar J.; Yang, Huaxiao; Guan, Yuan; Shen, Mengcheng; Yildirim, Zehra; Yan, Zhuge; Venkateshappa, Ravichandra; Zhao, Shane R.; Gomez, Angello H.; El-Mokahal, Marcel; Dunkenberger, Logan; Ono, Yoshikazu; Shibata, Masafumi; Nwokoye, Peter N.; Tian, Lei; Wilson, Kitchener D.; Lyall, Evan H.; Jia, Fangjun; Wo, Hung Ta; Zhou, Gao; Aldana, Bryan; Karakikes, Ioannis; Obal, Detlef; Peltz, Gary; Zarins, Christopher K.; Wu, Joseph C.
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; University of North Texas System; University of North Texas Denton; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University
  摘要：Although model organisms have provided insight into the earliest stages of cardiac and hepatic vascularization, we know very little about this process in humans because of ethical restrictions and the technical difficulty of obtaining embryos during very early development. In this study, we demonstrate that micropatterned human pluripotent stem cell-derived gastruloids enable in vitro modeling of the earliest stages of vascularization. We identify a combination of vascular-inducing factors tha...
• Public health suffers when those in power dismiss knowledge AI翻译
  作者：Lewandowsky, Stephan
• Integrated carbon and nitrogen management for cost-effective environmental policies in China AI翻译
  作者：Xu, Xin; Zhang, Xiuming; Zou, Yiyang; Chen, Tianrun; Zhan, Jingfang; Cheng, Luxi; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Zhang, Shaohui; Vitousek, Peter M.; de Vries, Wim; Gu, Baojing
  作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; University of Zielona Gora; Beihang University; Stanford University; Wageningen University & Research; Zhejiang University
  摘要：Carbon and nitrogen are central elements in global biogeochemical cycles. To effectively manage carbon and nitrogen in China, we developed a comprehensive model for quantifying their fluxes, investigating their interplay across 16 human and natural subsystems. Between 1980 and 2020, nitrogen losses in China increased 2.3-fold and carbon emissions surged 6.5-fold. Integrated carbon and nitrogen management holds the potential for a 74% reduction in nitrogen losses to air and water and a 91% decr...
• GPR45 modulates Gαs at primary cilia of the paraventricular hypothalamus to control food intake AI翻译
  作者：Xun, Yu; Jiang, Yiao; Xu, Baijie; Tang, Miao; Ludwig, Sara; Nakamura, Kazuhiro; Mukhopadhyay, Saikat; Liu, Chen; Beutler, Bruce; Zhang, Zhao
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Nagoya University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
  摘要：The melanocortin system centrally regulates energy homeostasis, with key components such as melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and adenylyl cyclase 3 (ADCY3) in neuronal primary cilia. Mutations in MC4R and ADCY3 as well as ciliary dysfunction lead to obesity, but how melanocortin signaling works in cilia remains unclear. Using mouse random germline mutagenesis, we identified two missense mutations in G protein-coupled receptor 45 (Gpr45) that lead to obesity through hyperphagia. GPR45 was express...