Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

最新文章

• No evidence for methanotrophic growth of diverse marine methanogens AI翻译
  作者：Chadwick, Grayson L.; Nayak, Dipti D.; Rother, Michael; Metcalf, William W.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Technische Universitat Dresden; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
• Energetic cost of biosynthesis is a missing link between growth and longevity in mammals AI翻译
  作者：Hou, Chen; Kempes, Christopher
  作者单位：University of Missouri System; Missouri University of Science & Technology
  摘要：The comparative studies of aging have established a negative correlation between Gompertz postnatal growth constant and maximum lifespan across mammalian species, but the underlying physiological mechanism remains unclear. This study shows that the Gompertz growth constant can be decomposed into two energetic components, mass - specific metabolic rate and the energetic cost of biosynthesis, and that after controlling the former as a confounder, the negative correlation between growth constant ...
• A mechanistic model of gossip, reputations, and cooperation AI翻译
  作者：Kawakatsu, Mari; Kessinger, Taylor A.; Plotkin, Joshua B.
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Social reputations facilitate cooperation: those who help others gain a good reputation, making them more likely to receive help themselves. But when people hold private views of one another, this cycle of indirect reciprocity breaks down, as disagreements lead to the perception of unjustified behavior that ultimately undermines cooperation. Theoretical studies often assume population-wide agreement about reputations, invoking rapid gossip as an endogenous mechanism for reaching consensus. How...
• DNA polymerase delta governs parental histone transfer to DNA replication lagging strand AI翻译
  作者：Tian, Congcong; Zhang, Qin; Jia, Jing; Zhou, Jiaqi; Zhang, Ziwei; Karri, Srinivasu; Jiang, Jiuhang; Dickinson, Quinn; Yao, Yuan; Tang, Xiaorong; Huang, Yuxin; Guo, Ting; He, Ziwei; Liu, Zheng; Gao, Yuan; Yang, Xinran; Wu, Yuchun; Chan, Kui Ming; Zhang, Daoqin; Han, Junhong; Yu, Chuanhe; Gan, Haiyun
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS; Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Sichuan University; University of Minnesota System; South China Agricultural University; University of Macau; Henan University; Henan University; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; Qingdao University; City University of Hong Kong; Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong; City University of Hong Kong; Stanford University
  摘要：Chromatin replication is intricately intertwined with the recycling of parental histones to the newly duplicated DNA strands for faithful genetic and epigenetic inheritance. The transfer of parental histones occurs through two distinct pathways: leading strand deposition, mediated by the DNA polymerase epsilon subunits Dpb3/Dpb4, and lagging strand deposition, facilitated by the MCM helicase subunit Mcm2. However, the mechanism of the facilitation of Mcm2 transferring parental histones to the ...
• A distinct, high- affinity, alkaline phosphatase facilitates occupation of P- depleted environments by marine picocyanobacteria AI翻译
  作者：Torcello-Requena, Alberto; Murphy, Andrew R. J.; Lidbury, Ian D. E. A.; Pitt, Frances D.; Stark, Richard; Millard, Andrew D.; Puxty, Richard J.; Chen, Yin; Scanlan, David J.
  作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Sheffield; University of Leicester; University of Birmingham
  摘要：Marine picocyanobacteria of the genera Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus , the two most abundant phototrophs on Earth, thrive in oligotrophic oceanic regions. While it is well known that specific lineages are exquisitely adapted to prevailing in situ light and temperature regimes, much less is known of the molecular machinery required to facilitate occupancy of these low - nutrient environments. Here, we describe a hitherto unknown alkaline phosphatase, Psip1, that has a substantially higher a...
• The impact of US-China tensions on US science: Evidence from the NIH investigations AI翻译
  作者：Jia, Ruixue; Roberts, Margaret E.; Wang, Ye; Yang, Eddie
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
  摘要：Amid the discourse on foreign influence investigations in research, this study examines the impact of NIH-initiated investigations starting in 2018 on U.S. scientists' productivity, focusing on those collaborating with Chinese peers. Using publication data from 2010 to 2021, we analyze over 113,000 scientists and find that investigations coincide with reduced productivity for those with China collaborations compared to those with other international collaborators, especially when accounting fo...
• AI model disgorgement: Methods and choices AI翻译
  作者：Achille, Alessandro; Kearns, Michael; Klingenberg, Carson; Soatto, Stefano
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
  摘要：Over the past few years, machine learning models have significantly increased in size and complexity, especially in the area of generative AI such as large language models. These models require massive amounts of data and compute capacity to train, to the extent that concerns over the training data (such as protected or private content) cannot be practically addressed by retraining the model from scratch with the questionable data removed or altered. Furthermore, despite significant efforts an...
• Mortality and morbidity ramifications of proposed retractions in healthcare coverage for the United States AI翻译
  作者：Pandey, Abhishek; Fitzpatrick, Meagan C.; Singer, Burton H.; Galvani, Alison P.
  作者单位：Yale University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
  摘要：In the absence of universal healthcare in the United States, federal programs of Medicaid and Medicare are vital to providing healthcare coverage for low - income households and elderly individuals, respectively. However, both programs are under threat, with either enacted or proposed retractions. Specifically, raising Medicare age eligibility and the addition of work requirements for Medicaid qualification have been proposed, while termination of continuous enrollment for Medicaid was recentl...
• Bmal1 integrates circadian function and temperature sensing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus AI翻译
  作者：Hoekstra, Marieke M. B.; Ness, Natalie; Soteras, Aina Badia-; Brancaccio, Marco
  作者单位：Imperial College London; Imperial College London
  摘要：Circadian regulation and temperature dependency are important orchestrators of molecular pathways. How the integration between these two drivers is achieved, is not understood. We monitored circadian - and temperature - dependent effects on transcription dynamics of cold - response protein RNA Binding Motif 3 (Rbm3). Temperature changes in the mammalian master circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), induced Rbm3 transcription and regulated its circadian periodicity, whereas the...
• Observing heroic behavior and its influencing factors in immersive virtual environments AI翻译
  作者：Jin, Kelou; Wu, Jie; Zhang, Ran; Zhang, Shen; Wu, Xiaoyan; Wu, Tingting; Gu, Ruolei; Liu, Chao
  作者单位：Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University; Capital Normal University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Psychology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University
  摘要：Studying heroism in controlled settings presents challenges and ethical controversies due to its association with physical risk. Leveraging virtual reality (VR) technology, we conducted a three - study series with 397 participants from China to investigate heroic actions. Participants unexpectedly witnessed a criminal event in a simulated scenario, allowing observation of their tendency to physically intercept a thief. We examined situational factors (voluntariness, authority, and risk) and pe...