Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Sediment subduction in Hadean revealed by machine learning AI翻译
  作者：Jiang, Jilian; Zou, Xinyu; Mitchell, Ross N.; Zhang, Yigang; Zhao, Yong; Yin, Qing - Zhu; Yang, Wei; Zhou, Xiqiang; Wang, Hao; Spencer, Christopher J.; Shan, Xiaocai; Wu, Shitou; Li, Guangming; Qin, Kezhang; Li, Xian - Hua
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; Macau University of Science & Technology; University of California System; University of California Davis; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; Queens University - Canada
  摘要：Due to the scarcity of rock samples, the Hadean Era predating 4 billion years ago (Ga) poses challenges in understanding geological processes like subaerial weathering and plate tectonics that are critical for the evolution of life. The Jack Hills zircon from Western Australia, the primary Hadean samples available, offer valuable insights into magma sources and tectonic genesis through trace element signatures. However, a consensus on these signatures has not been reached. To address this, we ...
• Researchers need to better address time- of- day as a critical biological variable AI翻译
  作者：Nelson, Randy J.; DeVries, A. Courtney; Prendergast, Brian J.
  作者单位：West Virginia University; West Virginia University; University of Chicago
• The evolution of social behaviors and risk preferences in settings with uncertainty AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Guocheng; Su, Qi; Wang, Long; Plotkin, Joshua B.
  作者单位：Peking University; University of Pennsylvania; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Peking University; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Humans update their social behavior in response to past experiences and changing environments. Behavioral decisions are further complicated by uncertainty in the outcome of social interactions. Faced with uncertainty, some individuals exhibit risk aversion while others seek risk. Attitudes toward risk may depend on socioeconomic status; and individuals may update their risk preferences over time, which will feedback on their social behavior. Here, we study how uncertainty and risk preferences ...
• Can names shape facial appearance? AI翻译
  作者：Zwebner, Yonat; Miller, Moses; Grobgeld, Noa; Goldenberg, Jacob; Mayo, Ruth
  作者单位：Reichman University; Reichman University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Columbia University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  摘要：Our given name is a social tag associated with us early in life. This study investigates the possibility of a self-fulfilling prophecy effect wherein individuals' facial appearance develops over time to resemble the social stereotypes associated with given names. Leveraging the face-name matching effect, which demonstrates an ability to match adults' names to their faces, we hypothesized that individuals would resemble their social stereotype (name) in adulthood but not in childhood. To test t...
• Orthogonality of sensory and contextual categorical dynamics embedded in a continuum of responses from the second somatosensory cortex AI翻译
  作者：Bayones, Lucas; Zainos, Antonio; Alvarez, Manuel; Romo, Ranulfo; Franci, Alessio; Rossi-Poo, Roman
  作者单位：Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; University of Liege; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
  摘要：How does the brain simultaneously process signals that bring complementary information, like raw sensory signals and their transformed counterparts, without any disruptive interference? Contemporary research underscores the brain's adeptness in using decorrelated responses to reduce such interference. Both neurophysiological findings and artificial neural networks support the notion of orthogonal representation for signal differentiation and parallel processing. Yet, where, and how raw sensory...
• Reassessing the exon-foldon correspondence using frustration analysis AI翻译
  作者：Galpern, Ezequiel A.; Jaafari, Nana; Bueno, Carlos; Wolynes, Peter G.; Ferreiro, Diego U.
  作者单位：University of Buenos Aires; University of Buenos Aires; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University
  摘要：Protein folding and evolution are intimately linked phenomena. Here, we revisit the concept of exons as potential protein folding modules across a set of 38 abundant and conserved protein families. Taking advantage of genomic exon-intron organization and extensive protein sequence data, we explore exon boundary conservation and assess the foldon-like behavior of exons using energy landscape theoretic measurements. We found deviations in the exon size distribution from exponential decay indicat...
• TFEB safeguards trophoblast syncytialization in humans and mice AI翻译
  作者：Zheng, Wanshan; Zhang, Yue; Xu, Peiqun; Wang, Zexin; Shao, Xuan; Chen, Chunyan; Cai, Han; Wang, Yinan; Sun, Ming-an; Deng, Wenbo; Liu, Fan; Lu, Jinhua; Zhang, Xueqin; Cheng, Dunjin; Mysorekar, Indira U.; Wang, Haibin; Wang, Yan- Ling; Hu, Xiaoqian; Cao, Bin
  作者单位：Xiamen University; Xiamen University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine; Yangzhou University; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Medical University; Baylor College of Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine
  摘要：Nutrient sensing and adaptation in the placenta are essential for pregnancy viability and proper fetal growth. Our recent study demonstrated that the placenta adapts to nutrient insufficiency through mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition- mediated trophoblast differentiation toward syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs), a highly specialized multinucleated trophoblast subtype mediating extensive maternal-fetal interactions. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we unravel t...
• Daniel Kahneman: The psychologist who won a Nobel Prize in Economics for replacing Homo economicus with flesh- and- blood humans AI翻译
  作者：Bar-Hillel, Maya
  作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
• William Catterall, pioneering biochemist who opened up the protein chemistry of voltage- gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels AI翻译
  作者：Hille, Bertil; Mackie, Ken; Lai, Yvonne Y.
  作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
• MDGAs perform activity- dependent synapse type- specific suppression via distinct extracellular mechanisms AI翻译
  作者：Kim, Seungjoon; Jang, Gyubin; Kim, Hyeonho; Lim, Dongseok; Han, Kyung Ah; Um, Ji Won; Ko, Jaewon
  作者单位：Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST); Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST)
  摘要：MDGA (MAM domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor) family proteins were previously identified as synaptic suppressive factors. However, various genetic manipulations have yielded often irreconcilable results, precluding precise evaluation of MDGA functions. Here, we found that, in cultured hippocampal neurons, conditional deletion of MDGA1 and MDGA2 causes specific alterations in synapse numbers, basal synaptic transmission, and synaptic strength at GABAergic and glutamatergic sy...