Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Deep learning models reveal replicable, generalizable, and behaviorally relevant sex differences in human functional brain organization AI翻译
  作者：Ryali, Srikanth; Zhang, Yuan; de los Angeles, Carlo; Supekar, Kaustubh; Menon, Vinod
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University
  摘要：Sex plays a crucial role in human brain development, aging, and the manifestation of psychiatric and neurological disorders. However, our understanding of sex differences in human functional brain organization and their behavioral consequences has been hindered by inconsistent findings and a lack of replication. Here, we address these challenges using a spatiotemporal deep neural network (stDNN) model to uncover latent functional brain dynamics that distinguish male and female brains. Our stDN...
• Global diversity of enterococci and description of 18 previously unknown species AI翻译
  作者：Schwartzman, Julia A.; Lebreton, Francois; Salamzade, Rauf; Shea, Terrance; Martin, Melissa J.; Schaufler, Katharina; Urhan, Aysun; Abeel, Thomas; Camargo, Ilana L. B. C.; Sgardioli, Bruna F.; Prichula, Janira; Frazzon, Ana Paula Guedes; Giribet, Gonzalo; Van Tyne, Daria; Treinish, Gregg; Innis, Charles J.; Wagenaar, Jaap A.; Whipple, Ryan M.; Manson, Abigail L.; Earl, Ashlee M.; Gilmore, Michael S.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; University of Southern California; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR); United States Department of Defense; United States Army; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Universitat Greifswald; University of Kiel; Schleswig Holstein University Hospital; University of Kiel; Delft University of Technology; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Harvard University; Harvard University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Utrecht University
  摘要：Enterococci are gut microbes of most land animals. Likely appearing first in the guts of arthropods as they moved onto land, they diversified over hundreds of millions of years adapting to evolving hosts and host diets. Over 60 enterococcal species are now known. Two species, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, are common constituents of the human microbiome. They are also now leading causes of multidrug- resistant hospital- associated infection. The basis for host association of e...
• Confusion cannot explain cooperative behavior in public goods games AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Guangrong; Li, Jianbiao; Wang, Wenhua; Niu, Xiaofei; Wang, Yue; Selten, Reinhard
  作者单位：Weifang University; Shandong University; Nankai University
  摘要：Some scholars find that behavioral variation in the public goods game is explained by variations in participants' understanding of how to maximize payoff and that confusion leads to cooperation. Their findings lead them to question the common assumption in behavioral economics experiments that choices reflect motivations. We conduct two experiments, in which we minimize confusion by providing participants with increased training. We also introduce a question that specifically assesses particip...
• Bio-catalyzed oxidation self-charging zinc-polymer batteries AI翻译
  作者：Pan, Jun; Liu, Yanhong; Yang, Jian; Wu, Jiawen; Fan, Hong Jin
  作者单位：Nanyang Technological University; Shandong University
  摘要：Oxidation self- charging batteries have emerged with the demand for powering electronic devices around the clock. The low efficiency of self- charging has been the key challenge at present. Here, a more efficient autoxidation self- charging mechanism is realized by introducing hemoglobin (Hb) as a positive electrode additive in the polyaniline (PANI)-zinc battery system. The heme acts as a catalyst that reduces the energy barrier of the autoxidation reaction by regulating the charge and spin s...
• COP1 controls light- dependent chromatin remodeling AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Wenli; Kim, Junghyun; Martinez, Teresa S.; Huq, Enamul; Sung, Sibum; Baulcombe, David
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
  摘要：Light is a crucial environmental factor that impacts various aspects of plant development. Phytochromes, as light sensors, regulate myriads of downstream genes to mediate developmental reprogramming in response to changes in environmental conditions. CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) is an E3 ligase for a number of substrates in light signaling, acting as a central repressor of photomorphogenesis. The interplay between phytochrome B (phyB) and COP1 forms an antagonistic regulatory modul...
• Puromycin reveals a distinct conformation of neuronal ribosomes AI翻译
  作者：Anadolu, Mina N.; Sun, Jingyu; Li, Jewel T. - Y.; Graber, Tyson E.; Ortega, Joaquin; Sossin, Wayne S.
  作者单位：McGill University; McGill University; McGill University
  摘要：Puromycin is covalently added to the nascent chain of proteins by the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome and the dissociation of the puromycylated peptide typically follows this event. It was postulated that blocking the translocation of the ribosome with emetine could retain the puromycylated peptide on the ribosome, but evidence against this has recently been published [Hobson et al., Elife 9, e60048 (2020); and Enam et al., Elife 9, e60303 (2020)]. In neurons, puromycylated nasce...
• Brain energy metabolism is optimized to minimize the cost of enzyme synthesis and transport AI翻译
  作者：Gustafsson, Johan; Robinson, Jonathan L.; Zetterberg, Henrik; Nielsen, Jens
  作者单位：Chalmers University of Technology; University of Gothenburg; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; University of London; University College London; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
  摘要：The energy metabolism of the brain is poorly understood partly due to the complex morphology of neurons and fluctuations in ATP demand over time. To investigate this, we used metabolic models that estimate enzyme usage per pathway, enzyme utilization over time, and enzyme transportation to evaluate how these parameters and processes affect ATP costs for enzyme synthesis and transportation. Our models show that the total enzyme maintenance energy expenditure of the human body depends on how gly...
• Arabidopsis protein S- acyl transferases positively mediate BR signaling through S- acylation of BSK1 AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Fei; Qu, Peng-Yu; Li, Ji-Peng; Yang, Li-Na; Geng, Yuan-Jun; Lu, Jin-Yu; Zhang, Yan; Li, Sha
  作者单位：Nankai University; Shandong Agricultural University
  摘要：Protein S-acyl transferases (PATs) catalyze S- acylation, a reversible post- translational modification critical for membrane association, trafficking, and stability of substrate proteins. Many plant proteins are potentially S- acylated but few have corresponding PATs identified. By using genomic editing, confocal imaging, pharmacological, genetic, and biochemical assays, we demonstrate that three Arabidopsis class C PATs positively regulate BR signaling through S- acylation of BRASSINOSTEROID...
• A plant flavonol and genetic suppressors rescue a pathogenic mutation associated with kinesin in neurons AI翻译
  作者：Chai, Yongping; Li, Dong; Gong, Weibin; Ke, Jingyi; Tian, Dianzhe; Chen, Zhe; Guo, Angel; Guo, Zhengyang; Li, Wei; Feng, Wei; Ou, Guangshuo
  作者单位：Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biophysics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Tsinghua University
  摘要：KIF1A, a microtubule- based motor protein responsible for axonal transport, is linked to a group of neurological disorders known as KIF1A- associated neurological disorder (KAND). Current therapeutic options for KAND are limited. Here, we introduced the clinically relevant KIF1A(R11Q) variant into the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog UNC- 104, resulting in uncoordinated animal behaviors. Through genetic suppressor screens, we identified intragenic mutations in UNC- 104's motor domain that rescue...
• Increased expression of SSEA-4 on TKI- resistant non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR-T790M mutation AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Nai- Yu; Lin, Chih- Wei; Lai, Ting- Yen; Wu, Chung-Yi; Liao, Pei-Chi; Hsu, Tsui-Ling; Wong, Chi-Huey
  作者单位：Academia Sinica - Taiwan; National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University; China Medical University Taiwan; China Medical University Taiwan; Scripps Research Institute
  摘要：Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a major life-threatening disease accounting for 85% of all lung cancer cases, has been treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but often resulted in drug resistance, and approximately 60% of TKI-resistant cases are due to acquired secondary (epithelial growth factor receptor) EGFR-T790M mutation. To identify alternative targets for TKI-resistant NSCLC with EGFR-T790M mutation, we found that the three globo - series glycosphingolipids are increasingly...