Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• On the role of parameterization in models with a misspecified nuisance component AI翻译
  作者：Battey, Heather S.; Reid, Nancy
  作者单位：Imperial College London; University of Toronto
  摘要：The paper is concerned with inference for a parameter of interest in models that share a common interpretation for that parameter but that may differ appreciably in other respects. We study the general structure of models under which the maximum likelihood estimator of the parameter of interest is consistent under arbitrary misspecification of the nuisance part of the model. A specialization of the general results to matched-comparison and two-groups problems gives a more explicit and easily c...
• L- type Ca2+ channel activation of STIM1-Orai1 signaling remodels the dendritic spine ER to maintain long- term structural plasticity AI翻译
  作者：Dittmer, Philip J.; Dell'Acqua, Mark L.
  作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
  摘要：Learning and memory require coordinated structural and functional plasticity at neuronal glutamatergic synapses located on dendritic spines. Here, we investigated how the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) controls postsynaptic Ca2+ signaling and long- term potentiation of dendritic spine size, i.e., sLTP that accompanies functional strengthening of glutamatergic synaptic transmission. In most ER- containing (ER+) spines, high- frequency optical glutamate uncaging (HFGU) induced long- lasting sLTP tha...
• Revealing the architecture of the membrane- bound Flotillin cage assembly AI翻译
  作者：Collins, Brett M.
  作者单位：University of Queensland
• Optimizing restoration: A holistic spatial approach to deliver Nature's Contributions to People with minimal tradeoffs and maximal equity AI翻译
  作者：Gopalakrishna, Trisha; Visconti, Piero; Lomax, Guy; Boere, Esther; Malhi, Yadvinder; Roy, Parth Sarathi; Joshi, Pawan K.; Fedele, Giacomo; Yowargana, Ping
  作者单位：University of Exeter; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); University of Oxford; University of Exeter; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Oxford; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi; Conservation International
  摘要：Ecosystem restoration is inherently a complex activity with inevitable tradeoffs in environmental and societal outcomes. These tradeoffs can potentially be large when policies and practices are focused on single outcomes versus joint achievement of multiple outcomes. Few studies have assessed the tradeoffs in Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) and the distributional equity of NCP from forest restoration strategies. Here, we optimized a defined forest restoration area across India with syst...
• Sexual assault victims face a penalty for adjacent consent AI翻译
  作者：Jordan, Jillian J.; Sommers, Roseanna
  作者单位：Harvard University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
  摘要：Across 11 experimental studies (n = 12,257), we show that female victims of sexual assault are blamed more and seen as less morally virtuous if their assault follows voluntary sexual intimacy, a factor we term adjacent consent. Moreover, we illuminate a psychological mechanism contributing to this penalty: When a woman who provided no consent whatsoever is assaulted, people tend to see her as more moral than if she were not victimized (the Virtuous Victim Effect)-yet people do not extend the s...
• MAVS Cys508 palmitoylation promotes its aggregation on the mitochondrial outer membrane and antiviral innate immunity AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Yinong; Hou, Dan; Chen, Wenzhe; Lu, Xuan; Komaniecki, Garrison P.; Xu, Yilai; Yu, Tao; Zhang, Sophia M.; Linder, Maurine E.; Lin, Hening
  作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Parkside; Cornell University; Cornell University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Cornell University
  摘要：Cysteine palmitoylation or S- palmitoylation catalyzed by the ZDHHC family of acyltransferases regulates the biological function of numerous mammalian proteins as well as viral proteins. However, understanding of the role of S- palmitoylation in antiviral immunity against RNA viruses remains very limited. The adaptor protein MAVS forms functionally essential prion-like aggregates upon activation by viral RNA- sensing RIG- I- like receptors. Here, we identify that MAVS, a C- terminal tail- anch...
• A network frame offers a promising transdisciplinary tool for understanding complex health and health care system problems like suicide AI翻译
  作者：Pescosolido, Bernice A.
  作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
  摘要：As health and health care systems continue to face massive challenges from local to global well- being, understanding the processes that lead to improvement or deterioration in human health has embraced a broad range of forces from genes to national cultures. Despite the many efforts to deploy a common framework that captures diverse drivers at scale, the common missing element is the absence of a flexible mechanism that can guide research within and across levels. This hinders both the cumula...
• A large net carbon loss attributed to anthropogenic and natural disturbances in the Amazon Arc of Deforestation AI翻译
  作者：Csillik, Ovidiu; Keller, Michael; Longo, Marcos; Ferraz, Antonio; Pinage, Ekena Rangel; Gorgens, Eric Bastos; Ometto, Jean P.; Silgueiro, Vinicius; Brown, David; Duffy, Paul; Cushman, K. C.; Saatchi, Sassan
  作者单位：California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Oregon State University; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM); Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE); United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Wake Forest University
  摘要：The Amazon forest contains globally important carbon stocks, but in recent years, atmospheric measurements suggest that it has been releasing more carbon than it has absorbed because of deforestation and forest degradation. Accurately attributing the sources of carbon loss to forest degradation and natural disturbances remains a challenge because of the difficulty of classifying disturbances and simultaneously estimating carbon changes. We used a unique, randomized, repeated, very high- resolu...
• Leveraging coevolutionary insights and AI- based structural modeling to unravel receptor-peptide ligand- binding mechanisms AI翻译
  作者：Snoeck, Simon; Lee, Hyun Kyung; Schmid, Marc W.; Bender, Kyle W.; Neeracher, Matthias J.; Fernandez-Fernandez, Alvaro D.; Santiago, Julia; Zipfel, Cyril
  作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Lausanne; University of East Anglia; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); John Innes Center
  摘要：Secreted signaling peptides are central regulators of growth, development, and stress responses, but specific steps in the evolution of these peptides and their receptors are not well understood. Also, the molecular mechanisms of peptide-receptor binding are only known for a few examples, primarily owing to the limited availability of protein structural determination capabilities to few laboratories worldwide. Plants have evolved a multitude of secreted signaling peptides and corresponding tra...
• Capturing the catalytic intermediates of parkin ubiquitination AI翻译
  作者：Connelly, Elizabeth M.; Rintala-Dempsey, Anne C.; Gundogdu, Mehmet; Freeman, E. Aisha; Koszela, Joanna; Aguirre, Jacob D.; Zhu, Grace; Kamaraine, Outi; Tadayon, Roya; Walden, Helen; Shaw, Gary S.
  作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); University of Glasgow
  摘要：Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in early- onset forms of Parkinson's disease. It catalyzes a transthiolation reaction by accepting ubiquitin (Ub) from an E2 conjugating enzyme, forming a short- lived thioester intermediate, and transfers Ub to mitochondrial membrane substrates to signal mitophagy. A major impediment to the development of Parkinsonism therapeutics is the lack of structural and mechanistic detail for the essential, short- lived transthiolation intermediate. It is not...