Optimizing restoration: A holistic spatial approach to deliver Nature's Contributions to People with minimal tradeoffs and maximal equity

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Gopalakrishna, Trisha; Visconti, Piero; Lomax, Guy; Boere, Esther; Malhi, Yadvinder; Roy, Parth Sarathi; Joshi, Pawan K.; Fedele, Giacomo; Yowargana, Ping
• 署名单位: University of Exeter; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); University of Oxford; University of Exeter; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Oxford; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi; Conservation International
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-14403
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402970121
• 发表日期: 2024-08-20
• 关键词: ecosystem; INDIA; POOR; map

摘要

Ecosystem restoration is inherently a complex activity with inevitable tradeoffs in environmental and societal outcomes. These tradeoffs can potentially be large when policies and practices are focused on single outcomes versus joint achievement of multiple outcomes. Few studies have assessed the tradeoffs in Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) and the distributional equity of NCP from forest restoration strategies. Here, we optimized a defined forest restoration area across India with systematic conservation planning to assess the tradeoffs between three NCP: i) climate change mitigation NCP, ii) biodiversity value NCP (habitat created for forest- dependent mammals), and iii) societal NCP (human direct use of restored forests for livelihoods, housing construction material, and energy). We show that restoration plans aimed at a single-NCP tend not to deliver other NCP outcomes efficiently. In contrast, integrated spatial forest restoration plans aimed at achievement of multiple outcomes deliver on average 83.3% (43.2 to 100%) of climate change mitigation NCP, 89.9% (63.8 to 100%) of biodiversity value NCP, and 93.9% (64.5 to 100%) of societal NCP delivered by single- objective plans. Integrated plans deliver NCP more evenly across the restoration area when compared to other plans that identify certain regions such as the Western Ghats and north- eastern India. Last, 38 to 41% of the people impacted by integrated spatial plans belong to socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, greater than their overall representation in India's population. Moving ahead, effective policy design and evaluation integrating ecosystem protection and restoration can benefit from the we in this for India.