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作者：Velez, Yamil R.; Green, Donald P.; Sevi, Semra
作者单位：Columbia University; University of Toronto
摘要：Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) are interactive tools that communicate information about elections, yet their effectiveness in enhancing political knowledge and participation remains understudied. Moreover, traditional VAAs may disproportionately attract politically engaged users with already well-formed ideological views, limiting their potential to inform a broader and less engaged electorate. This paper introduces a VAA Bot that employs large language models (LLMs) and retrieval-augmented...
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作者：Ma, Huifang; Ji, Zhicheng
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in algorithm design, but their effectiveness in solving data science challenges in real-world settings remains poorly understood. We conducted a classroom experiment in which graduate students used LLMs to solve biomedical data science challenges on Kaggle, focusing on tabular data prediction. While their submissions did not top the leaderboards, their prediction scores were often close to those of leading human participants. LLMs...
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作者：Lanzar, Zachary R.; Aldridge, Daniel L.; Morales, Elisa Cruz -; Howard, Christian A.; Conway, Isabella O.; Zhong, Zhe; Eberhard, Julia N.; Pereira, Joseph A.; Phan, Anthony T.; Ring, Aaron M.; Parker, Melissa; Kanellopoulou, Chryssa; Min, Booki; Kedl, Ross M.; Christian, David A.; Hunter, Christopher A.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Incyte; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz
摘要：Regulatory T (Treg) cells express high levels of the IL- 27R, and in the setting of infection and autoimmunity, the cytokine IL- 27 promotes Treg cell activities that mitigate tissue pathology. However, IL- 27 appears dispensable for Treg cell development and maintenance as lineage- specific depletion of the IL- 27R on Treg cells does not impact these populations at steady state. In contrast, when mice were generated in which the Treg compartment comprised a mix of IL- 27R- sufficient and - de...
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作者：Mochulska, Victoria; Francois, Paul
作者单位：McGill University; Universite de Montreal; Mila Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute
摘要：Epigenetic landscapes were proposed by Waddington as the central concept to describe cell fate dynamics in a locally low-dimensional space. In modern landscape models, attractors represent cell types, and stochastic jumps and bifurcations drive cellular decisions, allowing for quantitative and predictive descriptions. However, given a biological problem of interest, we still lack tools to infer and build possible Waddington landscapes systematically. In this study, we propose a generative mode...
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作者：Ratner, Hannah K.; Duong, Brandon D.; Miao, Pengrui; Bertolli, Savannah K.; Shen, Beth A.; Mitchell, Uma; Gallagher, Larry A.; Radey, Matthew C.; Peterson, S. Brook; Mougous, Joseph D.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Data suggest that antagonism between bacteria is prevalent within the gut microbiome. Such antagonism could have profound consequences on the fitness of species; however, the susceptibility determinants to even the most pervasive antagonistic factors in this ecosystem remain incompletely understood. Here, we screened for genetic factors that impact the susceptibility of Bacteroides to type VI secretion system (T6SS)- delivered toxins. This revealed that the Bte2 family of pore- forming toxins,...
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作者：Regattieri, Eleonora; Forti, Luca; Drysdale, Russell N.; Hu, Hsun - Ming; Shen, Chuan - Chou; Cornacchia, Irene; Agostini, Samuele; Isola, Ilaria; Barbaro, Cecilia Conati; Bonacossi, Daniele Morandi; Kolinski, Rafal; Griffiths, Michael L.; Zerboni, Andrea
作者单位：Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse (IGG-CNR); University of Milan; University of Melbourne; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Environment, CAS; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria (IGAG-CNR); Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV); Sapienza University Rome; University of Udine; Adam Mickiewicz University; William Paterson University New Jersey
摘要：This study presents a high-resolution, multiproxy (carbon and oxygen isotopes, trace elements, and strontium isotopes) speleothem record from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq extending from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the Early Holocene (18.0 to 7.5 ka), encompassing the Epipaleolithic-Neolithic transition in the core area of the Fertile Crescent (FC). The record shows that changes in local rainfall amount were coincident with changes in Greenland temperatures, with increased prec...
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作者：Tronstad, Magnus; Karlsson, Johan; Dahlin, Joakim S.
作者单位：Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Royal Institute of Technology
摘要：Single-cell RNA-sequencing captures a temporal slice, or a snapshot, of a cell differentiation process. A major bioinformatical challenge is the inference of differentiation trajectories from a single snapshot, and methods that account for outlier cells that are unrelated to the differentiation process have yet to be established. We present MultistageOT (https://github.com/dahlinlab/MultistageOT), a generalized optimal transport-based framework that models cell differentiation in a single snap...
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作者：Koolik, Libby H.; Bullard, Robert D.; Min, Esther; Morello-Frosch, Rachel; Patterson, Regan; Salgado, Manuel; Wedekind, Nico; Marshall, Julian D.; Apte, Joshua S.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Texas Southern University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：In the United States, people of color are disproportionately and unjustly exposed to air pollution. Historically, environmental policy has emphasized aggregate emission reductions, yet major emission reduction scenarios do not sufficiently mitigate relative exposure disparities. Here, we show that without focusing on relative disparity (percent difference) in exposure, the only way to improve air quality and eliminate absolute exposure disparity is to eliminate all emissions (an unlikely outco...
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作者：Thayer, Zaneta M.; Buffarini, Romina; Tovo-Rodrigues, Luciana; de Oliveira, Isabel Oliveira; Hallal, Pedro C.; Rivera, Luisa M.; Silveira, Mariangela Freitas
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of London; University College London
摘要：Cesarean section (CS) is the most common major surgery worldwide and, by enabling birth outside physiologic labor, is an evolutionary novelty. Labor-related mechanical and hormonal stimuli, shaped by natural selection, facilitate neonatal adaptation to extrauterine life. While prior work has emphasized the biological impacts of altered microbial exposure following CS, the developmental implications of missing labor are less explored. We evaluated whether birth without labor was associated with...
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作者：Wang, Kexin; Maraj, Aida; Seigal, Anna
作者单位：Harvard University; Max Planck Society
摘要：In recent years, there has been growing interest in jointly analyzing a foreground dataset, representing an experimental group, and a background dataset, representing a control group. The goal of such contrastive investigations is to identify salient features in the experimental group relative to the control. Independent component analysis (ICA) is a powerful tool for learning independent patterns in a dataset. We generalize it to contrastive ICA (cICA). For this purpose, we devise a linear al...
