-
作者：Liang, Yingke; Bueler, Stephanie A.; Rubinstein, John L.
作者单位：University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Toronto; University of Toronto
摘要：The presence of mycolic acid is a defining feature of the mycobacterial cell wall, which provides a highly impermeable barrier to many antibiotics. Biosynthesis of this fatty acid, as well as tuberculostearic acid, requires precursor molecules produced by the essential long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (LCC) complex. The LCC complex catalyzes carboxylation of the alpha- carbon of long-chain acyl-CoA, but also short-chain acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA. The complex includes the subunit...
-
作者：Wang, Kou; Tian, Zhong; King-Jones, Kirst; Zhu, Fen; Wang, Xiao-Ping; Liu, Wen
作者单位：Huazhong Agricultural University; University of Alberta
摘要：Many animals rely on diapause to survive unfavorable seasons, but how environmental cues are transduced into endocrine changes remains poorly understood. In insects, reproductive diapause is triggered when juvenile hormone (JH) production from the corpora allata (CA) is suppressed, yet the regulatory basis of this suppression is unclear. Here, we show in the cabbage beetle (Colaphellus bowringi) that seasonal photoperiod controls CA growth, which in turn sets the gland's capacity for JH biosyn...
-
作者：Wang, Xianyang; Gomozkova, Margaryta; Li, Siqi; Banerjee, Biswarup; Zong, Guanghui; Missiakas, Dominique; Wang, Lai - Xi
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Chicago
摘要：Antibody effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and various complement-dependent activities are critically influenced by the structure and composition of Fc N-glycans. Terminal galactosylation is generally associated with enhanced Fc gamma RIIIA binding and C1q recruitment, thereby improving antibody activities. Recent structural studies suggest that terminal galactose can restrict glycan flexibility and stabilize Fc conformation by interacting with CH2 doma...
-
作者：Allcott, Hunt; Gentzkow, Matthew; Mason, Winter; Wilkins, Arjun; Barbera, Pablo; Brown, Taylor; Cisneros, Juan Carlos; Crespo-Tenorio, Adriana; Dimmery, Drew; Freelon, Deen; Gonzalez-Bailon, Sandra; Guess, Andrew M.; Kim, Young Mie; Lazer, David; Malhotra, Neil; Moehler, Devra; Nair-Desai, Sameer; El Barj, Houda Nait; Nyhan, Brendan; de Queiroz, Ana Carolina Paixao; Pan, Jennifer; Settle, Jaime; Thorson, Emily; Tromble, Rebekah; Rivera, Carlos Velasco; Wittenbrink, Benjamin; Wojcieszak, Magdalena; Zahedian, Saam; Franco, Annie; de Jonge, Chad Kiewiet; Stroud, Natalie Jomini; Tucker, Joshua A.
-
作者：Goto, Hirotaka; Plotkin, Joshua B.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Teachers hold a prominent place in modern societies, particularly where education is compulsory and widely institutionalized. This ubiquity obscures an underlying puzzle: Why do societies assign some individuals solely to the instruction of others? This question is especially enigmatic for dedicated teachers, who invest their labor cultivating others' skills but do not themselves participate in the productive activities for which their students are being trained. To address this question, we d...
-
作者：Jin, Zezhong; Qiao, Mu; Fu, Siying; Li, Zihe; Guo, Boxiong; Li, Hongjiao; Leng, Zhaoqi; Pintar, Matthew R.; Damgaard, Jakob; Makepeace, Benjamin L.; Mazzucconi, Silvia A.; Berchi, Gavril Marius; Cianferoni, Fabio; Polhemus, Dan A.; Watanabe, Kohei; Nakajima, Jun; Esemu, Seraphine; Liu, Chen; Zhang, Beichen; Yang, Huanhuan; Wang, Shujing; Xue, Huaijun; Bu, Wenjun; Ye, Zhen
作者单位：Nankai University; Wageningen University & Research; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; University of Liverpool; University of Buenos Aires; West University of Timisoara; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); University of Florence; Qilu University of Technology
摘要：Understanding how the remarkable phenotypic diversity observed in organisms arises through shifts in macroevolutionary patterns and tempos is a fundamental challenge in evolutionary biology. Phenotypes often evolve in a mosaic pattern during adaptive transitions. For organisms that have invaded highly specialized habitats, such as the unique two- phase interface habitats (water surfaces), the macroevolutionary history of their phenotypic diversification remains only superficially understood. S...
-
作者：Ruggiero, Patricia G. C.; Pereda, Paula Carvalho; Pfaff, Alexander
作者单位：Universidade de Sao Paulo; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Duke University
摘要：Economic activities have transformed over half of the Earth's surface and the large-scale conversion of rural forests to agropastoral production is ongoing. Raising access to credit may lead producers to expand at the expense of the forest or, instead, invest to raise yields, reducing forest loss per unit output. Looking across Brazil's enormous Amazon, we show that extremely different local contexts differ in terms of which effect of credit dominates. We distinguish those contexts using facto...
-
作者：Strand, Liesl G.; Choi, Charlotte P.; Mccoy, Savannah; Nsamba, Emmanuel T.; Silva, Nicola; Villeneuve, Anne M.
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford Medicine; Masaryk University; Stanford Medicine; Stanford University
摘要：Meiotic prophase is characterized by a dynamic program in which germ cells undergo a complex series of associations and dissociations of protein complexes that drive assembly, remodeling, and disassembly of meiosis-specific chromosome structures and dramatic changes in chromosome compaction. Failure to properly coordinate these processes can result in improper chromosome segregation, producing aneuploid gametes and inviable zygotes. Here, we investigate the roles of Caenorhabditis elegans DUO-...
-
作者：Wiens, John J.; Blomenkamp, Ellerie G.; Corliss, Miles; Li, Xin
作者单位：University of Arizona; Shanxi University
摘要：represent more genetic, morphological, ecological, and functional diversity than a typical species within a genus. Given this, there has been considerable focus on the loss of clades and their phylogenetic diversity. However, we know little about whether there are also gains of new clades: new higher taxa that are based on newly discovered species. Here, we analyze these newly discovered branches across the Tree of Life. We estimate that >700 new genera, >20 new families, and >3 new orders are...
-
作者：Wu, Shu- Zon; Mallett, Darren R.; Ryken, Samantha E.; Bezanilla, Magdalena
摘要：Because plant cells cannot migrate, their position is fixed with respect to their neighbors. Thus, placement of the new cell plate is critical for determining cell shape, cell identity, and tissue patterning. Here, we show that TONNEAU1 (TON1), a protein essential for preprophase band formation, plays a role in phragmoplast guidance even in cells that do not have a microtubule- based preprophase band. TON1 is part of a complex (TTP) complex. We found that TON1 localizes specifically to the pla...
