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作者：Park, Seong Kyun; Lee, Jeongha; Park, Seon Ju; Kim, Ye Na; Shin, Gi Hyun; Dan, Kisoon; Choi, Hee-Jung; Han, Dohyun; Hwang, Byung Joon; Choi, Murim
作者单位：Kangwon National University; Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul National University (SNU)
摘要：Numerous proteins display pleiotropic functions in different clinical contexts. However, the molecular mechanism underlying such effects is rarely understood. Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) is a typical example, exhibiting tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting effects in different tumor types in accordance with different amino acid changes; specifically, two distinct sets of variants in SPOP are commonly found in subsets of prostate cancer and endometrial cancer patients. To comprehensively ch...
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作者：Rusishvili, Nana; Jalabadze, Mindia; Mosulishvili, Marine; Batiuk, Stephen; Maghradze, David; Boaretto, Elisabetta; Martkoplishvili, Inga; Meladze, Nana; Lordkipanidze, David
作者单位：Ilia State University; University of Toronto; Weizmann Institute of Science; Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
摘要：Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most popular wheat species in the world today. However, studies on the domestication of wheat have rarely focused on the evolution of this specific species of Triticum. The discussions that have emerged have focused on the evolution of bread wheat, revealing it to have emerged from the hybridization of an already domesticated free-threshing wheat and the wild goatgrass known as Aegilops tauschii Coss. These studies, however, have focused on the previou...
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作者：Shtyrov, Alexander; Wilson, Hugh; Slowik, Daria; Yamashita, Keitaro; Li, Jade; Wojdyr, Marcin; Chen, Shaoxia; McMullan, Greg; Short, Jude M.; Russo, Christopher J.; Henderson, Richard; Murshudov, Garib N.
作者单位：MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; University of Tokyo
摘要：Determination of specimen structure from cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) experiments relies on an accurate model of the electrostatic potential of the specimen. For biological macromolecules, the potential is strongly influenced by the presence of chemical bonds between atoms, a fact unaccounted for by models of electron scattering that are currently standard in the field. We propose a Bayesian approach to the estimation of atomic scattering factors which incorporates the effect of the molec...
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作者：Cai, Andong; Han, Tianfu; Zhou, Zhenghu; Liu, Kailou; Xu, Xinpeng; Smith, Pete; Gao, Qingzhu; Li, Yue; Xu, Minggang
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS; Zhengzhou University; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Agricultural Resources & Regional Planning, CAAS; University of Aberdeen; Shanxi Agricultural University
摘要：Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) constitutes half of the terrestrial carbon pool and exerts a profound influence on global carbon cycling and ecosystem multifunctionality. Contrary to the view of millennial-scale stability, SIC in cropland are undergoing rapid changes due to intense anthropogenic disturbances. However, the direction, magnitude, and drivers of SIC changes over recent decades remain poorly quantified, especially in entire soil profile. Here, we quantified changes in SIC across a 1-m ...
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作者：Chow, Nicholas; Scanavachi, Gustavo; Saminathan, Anand; Kirchhausen, Tom
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Program in Cellular & Molecular Medicine (PCMM); Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Enveloped viruses enter cells by membrane fusion. The viral membrane fuses with a host membrane, either at the cell surface or within endocytic compartments. For endocytic entry, fusion is typically triggered by low pH and often requires proteolytic priming by compartment-specific host proteases, which together define the site and mechanism of fusion and shape viral tropism. Inhibition of the lipid kinase PIKfyve, which generates PI(5)P and PI(3,5)P2 in late endosomes and lysosomes, swells tho...
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作者：Huang, Kang; Lovett, Mitchell; Helmke, Gretchen
作者单位：University of Rochester; University of Rochester
摘要：In this paper, we explore whether different choice environments affect voters' willingness to put democracy over party and policy. Using a series of candidate choice experiments in which we manipulate not only candidate attributes, but also the number of races on the ballot, we find that when voters are able to vote in multiple races on a ballot they are substantially more likely to punish antidemocratic candidates than when they are only given the opportunity to cast one vote. We refer to thi...
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作者：Sirohiwal, Abhishek; John, Juliane; Kutin, Yury; Kumar, Rohit; Baserga, Federico; Srinivas, Vivek; Lebrette, Hugo; Poverlein, Maximilian C.; Gamiz-Hernandez, Ana P.; Heberle, Joachim; Kasanmascheff, Muge; Hogbom, Martin; Kaila, Ville R. I.
作者单位：Stockholm University; Indian Institute of Science (IISC) - Bangalore; Dortmund University of Technology; Free University of Berlin; Universite de Toulouse (EPE); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Communaute d'universites et etablissements de Toulouse (Comue)
摘要：Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the conversion of ribonucleotide (RNA) to deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) building blocks initiated by a long-range (>30 & Aring;) proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) by mechanistic principles that remain much debated. By combining multiscale quantum and classical simulations with directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and vibrational and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we elucidate here the molecular principles underlying how metal-f...
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作者：Borst, Piet; Berns, Anton; Nusse, Roel
作者单位：Netherlands Cancer Institute; Stanford University; Stanford Medicine; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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作者：Saha, Giti; Anchi, Pratibha; Wang, Richard; Biondo, Alyssa; Meyer, Sadie; Kondragunta, Vinata; Luchsinger, Larry L.; Syed, Ismail; Sharif, Humayun; Wu, Hao; Giri Magupalli, Venkat
作者单位：New York Blood Center; New York Blood Center; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Khalifa University of Science & Technology; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Program in Cellular & Molecular Medicine (PCMM)
摘要：Inflammasome activation triggers caspase-1-dependent maturation of pro-interleukin-1 beta (pro-IL-1 beta) in an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC)-dependent manner, yet the mechanism by which pro-IL-1 beta is physically recruited to the ASC signaling platform has remained undefined. Here, we identify the ASC linker domain (ASCLD) as a noncanonical protein-interaction interface, that can directly recruits pro-IL-1 beta onto the ASC speck. Using a live-cell NanoBRET ...
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作者：Dixon, Matthew L.; Blevins, Elizabeth; Dweck, Carol S.; Gorgen, Kai; Knutson, Brian
作者单位：Stanford University; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin
摘要：People must often sustain cognitive effort to achieve important goals. Although current models recognize that subcortical valuation regions are important for initiating such effort, they have not seen them as playing meaningful roles in sustaining effort throughout task performance. Here, we demonstrate that core subcortical valuation regions-the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc)-contribute to sustaining cognitive effort on a challenging working memory task. First, conver...
