32期

最新文章

• The dynamic and heterogeneous structure of the non-canonical inflammasome AI翻译
  作者：Sever, Alexander I. M.; Aramini, James M.; Bonin, Jeffrey P.; Zhao, Huaying; Wang, Hanlin; Rubinstein, John L.; Schuck, Peter; Kay, Lewis E.
  作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Toronto; University of Toronto; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Biomedical Imaging & Bioengineering (NIBIB); University of Toronto
  摘要：Inflammasomes are high-molecular-weight complexes that play integral roles in the innate immune system, triggering an inflammatory cascade to protect against cellular stresses such as pathogenic bacteria. Both canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes have been described in the literature and detailed structural studies of many components of the more complex and larger canonical versions have been reported. In contrast, corresponding structures of the non-canonical inflammasome have not emerge...
• Eye movements reveal a dissociation between prediction and structural processing difficulty in language comprehension AI翻译
  作者：Timkey, William; Huang, Kuan-Jung; Oh, Byung-Doh; Prasad, Grusha; Arehalli, Suhas; Linzen, Tal; Dillon, Brian
  作者单位：New York University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Nanyang Technological University; Colgate University; Macalester College; New York University; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
  摘要：In the process of extracting a meaning from a text, our eyes linger much more on some words than others, and we often reread earlier portions of the text. These disruptions to the reading process are particularly common in syntactically ambiguous sentences. What explains the difficulty presented by these sentences? One prominent hypothesis explains it as a special case of the impact of a word's predictability (operationalized via surprisal) on the difficulty of processing the word. This contra...
• Experience-dependent modulation of extracellular matrix integrity supports perceptual skill learning and memory AI翻译
  作者：Winne, Jessica; Schrader, Rebecca; Anfuson, Makayla; Caras, Melissa L.
  作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
  摘要：Perceptual learning refines sensory abilities but requires extensive training, limiting its real-world impact. Understanding its neural mechanisms could accelerate skill acquisition. The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been proposed to regulate learning by degrading to enable synaptic plasticity, and reaccumulating over several days to stabilize the changes. However, this time course does not align with the temporal dynamics of many forms of learning, including perceptual learning, which involv...
• Proof of the density threshold conjecture for pinwheel scheduling AI翻译
  作者：Kawamura, Akitoshi
  作者单位：Kyoto University
  摘要：In the pinwheel scheduling problem, each task i is associated with a positive integer ai called its period, and we want to (perpetually) schedule one task per day so that each task i is performed at least once every ai days. An obvious necessary condition for schedulability is that the density, defined as the sum of execution rates 1/ai, does not exceed 1. We prove that all instances with density not exceeding 5/6 are schedulable, as was conjectured by Chan and Chin in 1993. Like some of the k...
• High-throughput deformability-based microfluidic sorting reveals metastatic cancer subpopulations AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Xiaoyan; Liu, Yuanchao; Li, Junwei; Wang, Zhibei; Nai, Mui Hoon Brenda; Chen, Qian; Li, Haodong; Jiang, Xingyu; Shen, Shaofei; Lim, Chwee Teck
  作者单位：National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; Nanyang Technological University; Shanxi Agricultural University; Southern University of Science & Technology; National University of Singapore
  摘要：The deformability of cancer cells is a critical indicator of their malignancy, as this mechanical property of cancer cells can reflect various biostructural and biochemical changes such as the cytoskeletons and protein expressions. However, selectively isolating and analyzing cell subpopulations with differing deformability and their associated biological properties remains challenging, especially at high throughput. Here, we introduce a microstructure-assisted spiral microfluidic platform tha...
• Cytoplasmic fluidity couples nutrient availability and enterocyte fate in vivo AI翻译
  作者：Nakamura, Yukana; Morikawa, Motohiro; Takano, Tomomi; Yoo, Sa Kan
  作者单位：Kwansei Gakuin University; Kobe University
  摘要：Cells must continuously adapt their internal state to fluctuating nutritional environments. For the adaptation, cells sense distinct nutrients through specific molecular signals, such as the insulin and mTOR pathways. Here, in addition to the conventional nutrient-sensing mechanisms, we reveal a mechanistic layer by which gut enterocytes respond to dietary contents, demonstrating that nutritional components in food regulate cytoplasmic fluidity, a fundamental biophysical property and determine...
• Tattooing and immune response: A mouse model too far from clinical reality AI翻译
  作者：Kluger, Nicolas
  作者单位：Tampere University; Tampere University Hospital; Universite Paris Cite; Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP); Hopital Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard - APHP
• A bacterial fatty acid enzyme hijacks nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptor signaling AI翻译
  作者：Lathram, William A.; Lages, Priscilla C.; Radka, Christopher D.
  作者单位：University of Kentucky
  摘要：Innate immune recognition shapes infection outcomes by linking microbial detection to host defense. Although pattern recognition receptors are classified by the ligands they detect (lipids, peptidoglycans, or nucleic acids) cross-talk between these pathways is increasingly recognized. Staphylococcus aureus, a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections, can persist intracellularly, evading immunity and antibiotics. Here, we describe a lipid-based immune evasion strategy in which the S. aure...
• Guiding covalent catalysis enables a carbon-inserting rearrangement in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis AI翻译
  作者：Li, Di; Schumacher, Maria A.; Yokoyama, Kenichi
  作者单位：Duke University; Duke University
  摘要：Many enzymes catalyze chemically complex rearrangement reactions, yet the molecular strategies that enable precise atomic control often remain enigmatic. One of Nature's most intricate examples occurs in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco), a pterin-based cofactor essential to all domains of life. Formation of Moco's characteristic pyranopterin requires a remarkable rearrangement of GTP, in which the C8 atom of the guanine base is inserted between the C-2 ' and C-3 ' atoms of ri...
• Mechanistic insights into mutations that cause diseases of phosphate dysregulation AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Liping; Lee, Alisa E.; Tian, E.; Collins, Michael T.; Roszko, Kelly L.; Samara, Nadine L.; Ten Hagen, Kelly G.
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); Harvard University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
  摘要：Phosphate plays essential roles within the human body and levels are tightly controlled through conserved feedback loops. FGF23, a phosphate-regulating hormone produced in the bone, is regulated by the glycosyltransferase, GALNT3, whose expression is sensitive to circulating phosphate levels. GALNT3-mediated glycosylation of FGF23 confers protection from inactivating furin cleavage, thus allowing intact FGF23 to modulate phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys. Mutations in either FGF23 or GALNT...