38期

最新文章

• Multimodal integration supports neural processing of grammatical negation AI翻译
  作者：Zora, Hatice; Hagoort, Peter; Ozyurek, Asli
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; Radboud University Nijmegen
  摘要：Negation is a fundamental aspect of human cognition and grammar, expressed across different modalities. Yet, little is known about multimodal processing of negation, especially grammatical negation (e.g., I did not sleep), and the contribution of gestures and prosodic markers to its neural processing remains unexplored. This study investigates the neurocognition of multimodal negation in Turkish, a verb-final language where standard verbal negation is expressed morphologically with a postverba...
• Temperate phages limit their own propagation under spatial constraint in biofilms on chitin AI翻译
  作者：Peng, Yixuan; Holt, Jacob D.; Dalia, Triana N.; Schultz, Daniel; Dalia, Ankur B.; Nadell, Carey D.
  作者单位：Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College; Indiana University System; Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE); Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Biofilm growth and phage exposure are common to diverse bacterial species. Studying phage-host interaction and population dynamics in biofilms with cellular resolution remains a significant challenge, especially when attempting to recapitulate the natural environments that microbes occupy. Here, we study the population dynamics of phage K139 lysogenized and nonlysogenized Vibrio cholerae when growing in biofilms on the surface of chitin particles in seawater, replicating key features of V. cho...
• Porous medium heterogeneity favors chemotaxis to nutrient hotspots in flow AI翻译
  作者：Stoll, Maximilian F.; Dentz, Marco; Stocker, Roman; Jimenez-Martinez, Joaquin
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology (EAWAG); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Pascual Vila (CID-CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Diagnostico Ambiental y Estudios del Agua (IDAEA)
  摘要：Natural porous environments, such as soils and aquifers, are often highly heterogeneous, exposing microorganisms to variable fluid flow and nutrient landscapes. Chemotactic bacteria can locate nutrient hotspots and thereby accelerate subsurface reactions, yet how chemotaxis is affected by pore-scale flow remains poorly understood. Here, we show that pore-scale heterogeneity enhances the foraging benefits afforded to bacteria by motility and chemotaxis, compared to nonmotile cells advected by t...
• Gene expression programs underlying spinal commissural neuron differentiation and axon growth across the midline AI翻译
  作者：Abolafia, Jane R.; Hameedy, Hanna; Prakash, Lakshmi; Wang, Ziqi; Amileviciute, Elze; Dudipala, Srikar; Jaworski, Alexander
  作者单位：Brown University
  摘要：Commissural neurons in the spinal cord project axons across the midline to fulfill various critical functions in somatosensory information processing and left-right coordination of motor output. These neurons have long served as a powerful model system for axon pathfinding, driving the identification of molecules and mechanistic principles for neuronal wiring that apply widely across neural circuits and model organisms. Aside from their shared initial projection path, commissural neurons are h...
• Multiple drivers and long-term patterns of the ecology of segregation in Latin America AI翻译
  作者：Cook, Elizabeth M.; Sauer, Jason; Gonzalez, Karin Weil; Barbosa, Olga
  摘要：Segregation is a multidimensional phenomenon deeply entwined with historical, social, and ecological contexts. The ecology of segregation framework explores how social norms institutionalize racism, classism, and power dynamics to drive inequitable patterns of environmental benefits and hazards. The ecology of segregation has thus far been applied in the Global North, yet is relevant but not as well studied in the Global South and specifically Latin America. More work is needed to consider how...
• TRPM2 is a direct pain transducer AI翻译
  作者：Varghese, Linda; Alizada, Mujahid; Yang, Jinquan; Feng, Ye; Yuan, Xiaoqiu; Malhotra, Mitali; Zhang, Xuming
  作者单位：University of Warwick
  摘要：Chronic pain results from maladaptive interaction between the immune and nervous systems. TRPM2 channels in immune cells (immune TRPM2) are believed to facilitate chronic pain by indirectly promoting immune-inflammatory responses, whereas TRPM2 in sensory neurons (neuronal TRPM2) acts as a warmth sensor critical to sense innocuous warm temperatures. However, neuronal TRPM2 mediates the warmth sensitivity of less than 3.5% of sensory neurons. The functions of the vast majority of TRPM2+ neurons...
• Earthquake-triggered cascading hazards under Arctic amplification AI翻译
  作者：de Melo, Guilherme W. S.; Hermanns, Reginald L.; Bendle, Jacob M.; Grevemeyer, Ingo; Fiolleau, Sylvain; Cesca, Simone; do Nascimento, Aderson F.; Ottemoller, Lars; Aslan, Gokhan; Brissaud, Quentin; Oye, Volker; Kopp, Heidrun
  作者单位：Helmholtz Association; GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel; Geological Survey of Norway; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; University of Bergen; University of Kiel
  摘要：Arctic warming is reshaping permafrost and glacierized terrains, potentially changing their natural hazards in response to seismic shaking. On 10 March 2025, a Mw 6.5 oceanic transform fault earthquake near Jan Mayen Island in the Arctic Ocean triggered a large rock avalanche that buried part of the Kjerulf Glacier, generating infrasound signals and glacier calving. Using seismic, Global Navigation Satellite System data, infrasound records, satellite imagery, and long-term climatological recor...
• NMR crystallography reveals active-site protonation states of Toho-1 β-lactamase in complex with avibactam AI翻译
  作者：Williams, Christopher G.; Wang, Songlin; Carta, Veronica; Langan, Patricia S.; Thome, Alexander F.; Ramos, Sebastian A.; Holmes, Jacob B.; Ghosh, Rittik K.; Weiss, Kevin L.; Beran, Gregory J. O.; Hartman, Joshua D.; Coates, Leighton; Rienstra, Chad M.; Mueller, Leonard J.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory
  摘要：The determination of active-site protonation states is critical for a full mechanistic understanding of enzyme catalysis and inhibition. Here, we employ NMR crystallography-the integrated combination of solid-state NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and first-principles computational chemistry-to determine the protonation states of the active site of Toho-1 beta-lactamase in complex with the non-beta-lactam inhibitor avibactam. We report two X-ray crystal structures of the Toho-1:avibactam c...
• Diffusion of neuromodulators for temporal credit assignment AI翻译
  作者：Barretto-Bittar, Joao; Levina, Anna; Giannakakis, Emmanouil; Zeraati, Roxana
  作者单位：Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Maastricht University; Max Planck Society; Imperial College London
  摘要：Biological learning achieves temporal credit assignment despite sparse and imprecise feedback, often relying on neuromodulatory signals acting over space and time. Here, we introduce a learning mechanism in which error information diffuses locally through the network, similar to volume transmission of neuromodulators. This distributed modulation allows neurons to learn even in the absence of direct feedback, using the local concentration of the diffusing credit signal. Applied to recurrent spi...
• Decoupling food insecurity from shocks: A global analysis of food system resilience AI翻译
  作者：Bene, Christophe; Sasso, Alessandro; Abdulai, Abdul-Rahim; Battersby, Jane; Cattaneo, Andrea; Collins, Greg; Even, Brice; Frankerberger, Timothy; Fanzo, Jessica; Guarin, Alejandro; Gephart, Jessica A.; Golden, Christopher D.; Hendriks, Sheryl; Herrero, Mario; Lang, Tim; Lidder, Preetmoninder; Maitre d'Hotel, Elodie; Nguyen, Trang; Nguyen, Cuong M.; Nowak, Andreea C.; Nyiawung, Richard A.; de Steenhuijsen Piters, Bart; Saisana, Michaela; Rashid Sumaila, U.; Vivero-Pol, Jose-Luis; Rattan, Lal; Webb, Patrick; Zhang, Jing
  作者单位：Alliance; International Center for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT; European Commission Joint Research Centre; EC JRC ISPRA Site; Alliance; International Center for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT; University of Cape Town; Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); Alliance; International Center for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT; Wageningen University & Research; Johns Hopkins University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; University of Pretoria; Cornell University; Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); Wageningen University & Research; Wageningen University & Research; University of Waterloo; Wageningen University & Research; University of British Columbia; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Cornell University; University of Oxford; University of Oxford
  摘要：Food systems worldwide are increasingly exposed to climate extremes, conflicts, pandemics, and economic shocks, raising concerns about their capacity to safeguard food security and nutrition. Although resilience is now central in global policy debates, empirical evidence on what enables national food systems to withstand shocks remains limited. Here, we analyze a unique multi-country dataset integrating measures of shock severity, governance, economic conditions, social capitals, and food-syst...