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作者：Bigio, Saki; Kanzig, Diego R.; Sanchez, Pablo; Walsh, Conor
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Northwestern University; Columbia University
摘要：Despite broad acceptance among economists, carbon taxes face persistent public resistance. We measure the sources and distribution of welfare losses from unexpected European carbon price changes by estimating their impact on consumer prices, labour income, financial wealth and government transfers. A 1% carbon-policy-induced increase in energy prices leads to an average welfare loss of about 0.5% of a household's three-year consumption, primarily driven by indirect labour-income effects. Young...
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作者：Arduini, Tiziano; Bisin, Alberto; Ozgur, Onur; Patacchini, Eleonora
作者单位：New York University
摘要：We introduce the study of dynamic, forward-looking equilibrium choices in environments characterised by social interactions. Agents' preferences capture inter-temporal links-such as habits and addictions-as well as attitudes to conform to a social reference group. We characterise equilibrium behaviour as a system of linear non-stationary Markovian policy rules, for each individual and in each time period. We then derive conditions for the identification of the parameters of the dynamic social ...
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作者：Bartling, Bjorn; Valero, Vanessa; Weber, Roberto A.
作者单位：University of Zurich; IMT - Institut Mines-Telecom; Institut Mines-Telecom Business School
摘要：We investigate the relationship between consumers' incomes and socially responsible consumption that mitigates negative externalities. We conduct laboratory and online market experiments in which firms and consumers can exchange products that differ in the degree to which they diminish negative external impacts at the expense of higher production costs. Our treatments exogenously vary consumers' incomes. Across all three experiments, higher income causes an increase in the quantity of socially...
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作者：Capra, Monica; Tasoff, Joshua; Xu, Jin
作者单位：Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University
摘要：People face a fundamental trade-off between savouring consumption in the present and processing information. Both require attention, which is limited. As a result, directing attention to one necessarily comes at the expense of the other. We study this attentional opportunity cost, focusing on cases where information concerns potentially distressing future outcomes. Across four experiments, we find that higher present consumption reduces demand for such information and increases willingness to ...
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作者：Wallskog, Melanie; Bloom, Nicholas; Ohlmacher, Scott; Tello-Trillo, Cristina
作者单位：Duke University; Stanford University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：Using confidential Census data, we find that aggressive performance pay practices and productivity growth have combined to increase US inequality. Employees at more productive firms earn higher pay at all earnings levels; similarly, when a firm becomes more productive, pay increases across its workforce. Importantly, however, these pay-productivity relationships strengthen with seniority: within a firm, the pay-productivity elasticity more than doubles from the median-paid worker (0.04) to the...
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作者：Lediga, Collen; Riedel, Nadine; Strohmaier, Kristina
作者单位：Ruhr University Bochum; University of Munster; University of Duisburg Essen
摘要：Taxpayer audits are key instruments to combat tax evasion. Whether they deter tax non-compliance beyond audited taxpayers is largely unclear. Drawing on rich tax administrative data for South Africa, we show that business tax audits enhance the tax reporting compliance of unaudited firms in the same neighbourhood and tax preparer network as the targeted business. On average, firms' reported tax liability increases by around 1% when a business in close proximity (located within a 100 metre radi...
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作者：Brune, Lasse; Gine, Xavier; Karlan, Dean
作者单位：Northwestern University; The World Bank; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Although microcredit has reached millions, recent randomised evaluations find limited average business impacts. Contract rigidity, specifically the fixed and frequent instalments, may restrict moral hazard, but limit productive risk-taking, thus limiting the impact. With a Colombian lender, we experimentally compared, for a sample of new borrowers, a standard rigid loan to a more flexible loan that included three 'passes' with which borrowers could delay repayments. The flexible loan led to so...
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作者：Li, Haonan; Wang, Xuan
作者单位：Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China; Peking University
摘要：This paper investigates the causal impact of audits on tax compliance by exploiting a threshold-based VAT desk audit program in China. All firms below the VAT-to-sales ratio threshold are contacted by the tax authority and must justify their tax returns through self-audits. We estimate the audit effect using the National Tax Survey Database and a regression discontinuity design. We find that desk audits recovered a significant amount of tax revenues, and audited firms reported more output taxe...
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作者：Docquier, Frederic; Iandolo, Stefano; Rapoport, Hillel; Turati, Riccardo; Vannoorenberghe, Gonzague
作者单位：University of Salerno; Paris School of Economics; Autonomous University of Barcelona; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：We propose new ways to measure populism, using the Manifesto Project Database (1960-2019) as main source of data. We characterise the evolution of populism over sixty years and show empirically that it is significantly impacted by the skill content of globalisation. Specifically, imports of goods that are intensive in low-skill labour generate more right-wing populism, and low-skill immigration shifts the distribution of votes to the right, with more votes for right-wing populist parties and f...
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作者：Dolado, Juan J.; Lale, Etienne; Turon, Helene
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; York University - Canada; Universite de Montreal
摘要：We develop an equilibrium search model of the coexistence of regular and flexible work arrangements, calibrated to evaluate the UK's zero-hours contract. Our findings reveal mixed equilibrium and welfare effects. Zero-hours contracts stimulate job creation among firms facing highly volatile business conditions, increasing total employment but potentially reducing regular jobs. Simultaneously, zero-hours contracts boost labour force participation by attracting individuals who prefer flexible wo...
