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作者：Dupas, Pascaline; Jain, Radhika
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of London; University College London
摘要：We document large gender disparities within a government program that entitles 46 million poor individuals to free hospital care. We show that care is not free in practice and higher costs are associated with larger disparities. Lowering care costs increases female utilization but does not reduce gender disparities because marginal beneficiaries are as likely to be male as inframarginals. Long-term exposure to local female leaders reduces disparities by addressing factors lowering female care....
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作者：Engelmann, Jan B.; Lebreton, Mael; Salem-Garcia, Nahuel A.; Schwardmann, Peter; van der Weele, Joel J.
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; Paris School of Economics; University of Geneva; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Across five experiments (N = 1,714), we test whether people engage in wishful thinking to alleviate anxiety about adverse future outcomes. Participants perform pattern recognition tasks in which some patterns may result in an electric shock or a monetary loss. Diagnostic of wishful thinking, participants are less likely to correctly identify patterns that are associated with a shock or loss. Wishful thinking is more pronounced under more ambiguous signals and only reduced by higher accuracy in...
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作者：Coibion, Olivier; Georgarakos, Dimitris; Gorodnichenko, Yuriy; Kenny, Geoff; Weber, Michael
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; European Central Bank; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Chicago
摘要：We use randomized treatments that provide different types of information about the first and/or second moments of future economic growth to generate exogenous changes in the perceived macroeconomic uncertainty of treated households. The effects on their spending decisions relative to an untreated control group are measured in follow-up surveys. Our results indicate that, after taking into account first moments, higher macroeconomic uncertainty induces households to significantly and persistent...
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作者：Bursztyn, Leonardo; Chaney, Thomas; Hassan, Tarek a.; Rao, Aakaash
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Southern California; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Boston University; Harvard University
摘要：We study how decades -long exposure to individuals of a given foreign descent shapes natives' attitudes and behavior toward that group. Using individualized donations data, we show that long-term exposure to a given foreign ancestry leads to more generous behavior specifically toward that group's ancestral country. Focusing on exposure to Arab Muslims to examine mechanisms, we show that long-term exposure (i) decreases explicit and implicit prejudice against Arab Muslims, (ii ) reduces support...
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作者：Frick, Mira; Iijima, Ryota; Ishii, Yuhta
作者单位：Yale University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：We study robust welfare comparisons of learning biases (misspecified signal distribution, we deem one bias more harmful than another if it yields lower objective expected payoffs in all decision problems. We characterize this ranking in static and dynamic settings. While the static characterization compares posteriors signal by signal, the dynamic characterization employs an efficiency index measuring how fast beliefs converge. We quantify and compare the severity of several well-documented bi...
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作者：Kuka, Elira; Shenhav, Na'ama
作者单位：George Washington University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco; Dartmouth College
摘要：This paper identifies the impact of increasing post -childbirth work incentives on mothers'long-run careers. We exploit variation in work incentives across mothers based on the timing of a first birth and eligibility for the 1993 expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit. Ten to nineteen years after a first birth , single mothers who were exposed to the expansion immediately after birth ( early ), rather than 3-6 years later ( late ), have 0.62 more years of work experience and 4.2 percent hig...
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作者：Bayer, Christian; Born, Benjamin; Luetticke, Ralph
作者单位：University of Bonn; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Frankfurt School Finance & Management; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
摘要：We show how a heterogeneous agent New Keynesian ( HANK ) model with incomplete markets and portfolio choice can be estimated in state space using a Bayesian approach. To render estimation feasible , the structure of the economy can be exploited and the dimensionality of the model automatically reduced based on the Bayesian priors. We apply this approach to analyze how much inequality matters for the business cycle and vice versa. Even when the model is estimated on aggregate data alone and wit...
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作者：Deb, Joyee; Ory, Aniko; Williams, Kevin R.
作者单位：New York University; Carnegie Mellon University; Yale University
摘要：We study a dynamic contribution game where investors seek private benefits offered in exchange for contributions, and a single, publicly minded donor values project success. We show that donor contributions serve as costly signals that encourage socially productive contributions by investors who face a coordination problem. Investors and the donor prefer different equilibria, but all benefit in expectation from the donor's ability to dynamically signal his valuation. We explore various context...
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作者：Oprea, Ryan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：We provide evidence that classic lottery anomalies like probability weighting and loss aversion are not special phenomena of risk. They also arise (and often with equal strength) when subjects evaluate deterministic, positive monetary payments that have been disaggregated to resemble lotteries. Thus, we find, e.g., apparent probability weighting in settings without probabilities and loss aversion in settings without scope for loss. Across subjects, anomalies in these deterministic tasks strong...
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作者：Fujiwara, Ippei; Matsuyama, Kiminori
作者单位：Keio University; Australian National University; Northwestern University
摘要：We propose a parsimonious mechanism for generating premature deindustrialization ( PD ) . In the baseline model, the Baumol effect drives the hump-shaped path of the manufacturing share. Countries follow different paths due to the difference in the sector-specific adoption lags. The condition for PD under which countries differ only in technology gap implies that the cross-country productivity dispersion is the largest in agriculture. Moreover, when calibrated to match Rodrik's ( 2016 ) findin...
