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作者：Hollingsworth, Alex; Karbownik, Krzysztof; Thomasson, Melissa A.; Wray, Anthony
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Emory University; University System of Ohio; Miami University; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：We explore how access to modern hospitals and medicine affects mortality by leveraging efforts of the Duke Endowment to modernize hospitals in the early twentieth century. The Endowment helped communities build and expand hospitals , obtain state-of-the-art medical technology , attract qualified medical personnel , and refine management practices. We find that Duke support increased the size and quality of the medical sector , fostering growth in not-for-profit hospitals and high-quality physi...
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作者：Agte, Patrick; Bernhardt, Arielle; Field, Erica; Pande, Rohini; Rigol, Natalia
作者单位：Yale University; New York University; Duke University; Harvard University
摘要：Poor entrepreneurs must frequently choose between business investment and children's education. To examine this trade-off, we exploit experimental variation in short-run microenterprise growth among a sample of Indian households and track schooling and business outcomes over eleven years. Treated households, who experience higher initial microenterprise growth, are on average one-third more likely to send children to college. However, educational investment and schooling gains are concentrated...
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作者：Goldin, Claudia
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University
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作者：Exley, Christine L.; Kessler, Judd B.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Myriad environments allow for the possibility of confusion. Agents may appeal to such confusion-or the possibility of making an honest mistake-to justify their behavior. In three sets of experiments involving thousands of subjects, we document evidence of such motivated errors. We document this evidence in a simple environment in which the scope for errors is small and in more complex environments in which subjects display correlation neglect and an anchoring bias.
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作者：Bergemann, Dirk; Bonatti, Alessandro
作者单位：Yale University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：A monopolist platform uses data to match heterogeneous consumers with multiproduct sellers. The consumers can purchase the products on the platform or search off the platform. The platform sells targeted ads to sellers that recommend their products to consumers and reveals information to consumers about their match values. The revenue-optimal mechanism is a managed advertising campaign that matches products and preferences efficiently. In equilibrium,sellers offer higher qualities at lower uni...
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作者：Kaya, Ayca; Roy, Santanu
作者单位：University of Miami; Southern Methodist University
摘要：We analyze the effect of transparency of past trading volumes in markets where an informed long-lived seller can repeatedly trade with short-lived uninformed buyers. Transparency allows buyers to observe previously sold quantities. In markets with intraperiod monopsony ( single buyer each period), ), transparency reduces welfare if the ex ante expected quality is low but improves welfare if the expected quality is high. The effect is reversed in markets with intraperiod competition ( multiple ...
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作者：Karahan, Fatih; Pugsley, Benjamin; Sahin, Aysegul
作者单位：Amazon.com; University of Notre Dame; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We propose a simple explanation for the long-run decline in the US start-up rate. It originates from a slowdown in labor supply growth since the late 1970s , largely predetermined by demographics. This channel can explain roughly half of the decline and why incumbent firm survival and average growth over the life cycle have changed little. We show these results in a standard model of firm dynamics and test the mechanism using cross-state variation in labor supply growth. Finally , we show that...
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作者：Choi, Jiwon; Kuziemko, Ilyana; Washington, Ebonya; Wright, Gavin
作者单位：Brandeis University; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University; Stanford University
摘要：Why have white , less -educated voters left the Democratic Party? We highlight the role of the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) . In event -study analysis , we demonstrate that counties whose 1990 employment depended on industries vulnerable to NAFTA suffered large and persistent employment losses after its implementation. Voters in these counties ( and protectionist voters regardless of geography ) turned away from the party of President Clinton , who promoted the agreement....
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作者：Baum-Snow, Nathaniel; Gendron-Carrier, Nicolas; Pavan, Ronni
作者单位：University of Toronto; McGill University; University of Rochester
摘要：Using Canadian administrative data, this paper presents evidence of revenue and productivity spillovers across firms at fine spatial scales. Accounting for the endogenous sorting of firms across space, we estimate an average elasticity of firm revenue and productivity with respect to the average quality of other firms within 75 meters of 0.024. We find scant evidence that the average firm benefits from being surrounded by a greater amount of economic activity at this spatial scale. Sorting of ...
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作者：Bari, Faisal; Malik, Kashif; Meki, Muhammad; Quinn, Simon
作者单位：Lahore University of Management Sciences; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Imperial College London
摘要：We run a field experiment offering graduated microcredit clients the opportunity to finance a business asset worth four times their usual borrowing limit. We implement this using a hire-purchase contract; our control group is offered a zero interest loan at the usual borrowing limit. We find large, significant, and persistent effects: treated microenterprise owners run larger businesses with higher profits; consequently, household consumption increases, particularly on food and children's educ...
