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作者：Alan, Sule; Mumcu, Ipek
作者单位：European University Institute; Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University; University of Exeter
摘要：We evaluate a pedagogical intervention aimed at improving learning in elementary school children by fostering their curiosity. We test the effectiveness of the pedagogy using achievement scores and a novel measure of curiosity. The latter involves creating a sense of information deprivation and quantifying the urge to acquire information and retention ability. The intervention increases curiosity, knowledge retention, and science test scores, with the effects persisting into middle school year...
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作者：Atal, Juan pablo; Cuesta, Jost Ignacio; Gonzalez, Felipe; Otero, Cristobal
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：We study the effects of competition by state-owned firms, leveraging the decentralized entry of public pharmacies to local markets in Chile. Public pharmacies sell the same drugs at a third of private pharmacy prices, because of stronger upstream bargaining and market power in the private sector, but are of lower quality. Public pharmacies induced market segmentation and price increases in the private sector, which benefited the switchers to the public option but harmed the stayers. The countr...
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作者：Esponda, Ignacio; Vespa, Emanuel; Yuksel, Sevgi
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We experimentally document persistence of suboptimal behavior despite ample opportunities to learn from feedback in a canonical updating problem where people suffer from base -rate neglect. Our results provide insights on the mechanisms hindering learning from feedback. Importantly, our results suggest mistakes are more likely to be persistent when they are driven by incorrect mental models that miss or misrepresent important aspects of the environment. Such models induce confidence in initial...
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作者：Aguiar, Mark; Amador, Manuel; Arellano, Cristina
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
摘要：We provide conditions for the feasibility of robust Pareto-improving (RPI) policies when markets are incomplete and the interest rate is below the growth rate. We allow for arbitrary heterogeneity in preferences and income risk and a wedge between the return to capital and bonds. An RPI improves risk sharing and can induce a more efficient level of capital. Elasticities of aggregate savings to changes in interest rates are the crucial ingredients to the feasibility of RPIs. Government debt may...
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作者：Bergman, Peter; Chetty, Raj; Deluca, Stefanie; Hendren, Nathaniel; Katz, Lawrence f.; Palmer, Christopher
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Johns Hopkins University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Low-income families often live in low -upward -mobility neighborhoods. We study why by using a randomized trial with housing voucher recipients that provided information, financial support, and customized search assistance to move to high -opportunity neighborhoods. The treatment increased the fraction moving to high -upward -mobility areas from 15 to 53 percent. A second trial reveals this treatment effect is driven primarily by customized search assistance. Qualitative interviews show that t...
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作者：De La Sierra, Raul Sanchez; Titeca, Kristof; Xie, Haoyang (Stan ); Lameke, Aimable amani; Malukisa, A. L. B. E. R. T. JoLINo
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Antwerp
摘要：This paper provides insight into a corruption scheme in Kinshasa's traffic police agency. First, various data collection branches show that the agency's revenue is five times that from fines and is derived from a coalition of traffic police officials, their managers, and judicial police officers scheming to extort drivers. Second, the analysis of an experiment suggests that the scheme subverts service. Third, the scheme appears to be a rational response to the context, but its logic is widespr...
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作者：Goldsmith-pinkham, Paul; Hull, Peter; Kolesar, Michal
作者单位：Yale University; Brown University; Princeton University
摘要：We study regressions with multiple treatments and a set of controls that is flexible enough to purge omitted variable bias. We show these regressions generally fail to estimate convex averages of heterogeneous treatment effects-instead, estimates of each treatment's effect are contaminated by nonconvex averages of the effects of other treatments. We discuss three estimation approaches that avoid such contamination bias, including the targeting of easiest-to-estimate weighted average effects. A...
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作者：Cai, Jing; Szeidl, Adam
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：We created experimental variation across markets in China in the share of firms having access to a new loan product. Access to finance had a large positive direct effect on the performance of treated firms but a similar-sized negative indirect effect on that of firms with treated competitors, , leading to nondetectable gains in producer surplus. Access to finance had a positive direct effect on business quality and consumer satisfaction and a negative effect on price, , which were not offset b...
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作者：Rogoff, Kenneth S.; Rossi, Barbara; Schmelzing, Paul
作者单位：Harvard University; Barcelona School of Economics; ICREA; Pompeu Fabra University; Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI); Boston College; Stanford University
摘要：Taking advantage of key recent advances in long-run economic and financial data, we analyze the statistical properties of global long-maturity real interest rates over the past seven centuries. In contrast to existing consensus, we find that real interest rates are in fact trend stationary and exhibit a persistent downward trend since the Renaissance. We investigate structural breaks in real interest rates over time and find that overall the Black Death and the 1557 Trinity default appear as c...
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作者：Jones, Benjamin F.; Liu, Xiaojie
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Technological advance is often embodied in capital inputs , like computers , airplanes , and robots. This paper builds a framework where capital inputs advance through ( i ) increased automation and ( ii ) increased productivity. The interplay of these two innovation dimensions can produce balanced growth , satisfying the Uzawa Growth Theorem even though technological progress is capital -embodied. The framework can further address structural transformation , general-purpose technologies , the...
