-
作者：Edin, Per-Anders; Fredriksson, Peter; Nybom, Martin; Ockert, Bjorn
作者单位：Uppsala University; Uppsala University; Uppsala University
摘要：This paper uses administrative data from Sweden to document trends in the labor market returns to skills. Between 1992 and 2013, the economic return to noncognitive skill-a psychologist-assessed measure of teamwork and leadership skill roughly doubled. The return to cognitive skill was relatively stable and decreased modestly during the 2000s, however. Among men with similar levels of education, the return to noncognitive skill is higher than the return to cognitive skill. The increasing retur...
-
作者：Afzal, Uzma; D'Adda, Giovanna; Fafchamps, Marcel; Said, Farah
作者单位：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; University of Milan; Stanford University; Lahore School of Economics
摘要：We conduct lab experiments to investigate demand for consumption agency in married couples from Pakistan. Most subjects are no better at guessing their spouse's preferences than those of a stranger, suggesting that individual executive agency has instrumental value. We find significant evidence of demand for agency in all experiments, varying with the cost and anticipated instrumental benefit of agency. But subjects often make choices incompatible with purely instrumental motives-e.g., paying ...
-
作者：Arthi, Vellore; Beach, Brian; Hanlon, W. Walker
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; National Bureau of Economic Research; Vanderbilt University; Northwestern University
摘要：We examine the health effects of the Lancashire Cotton Famine, a sharp downturn in Britain's cotton textile manufacturing regions that was induced by the US Civil War. Migration was an important response to this downturn, but as we document, migration also introduces a number of empirical challenges, which we overcome by introducing a new methodological approach. Our results indicate that the recession increased mortality among households employed in the cotton textile industry. We also docume...
-
作者：Eichmeyer, Sarah; Zhang, Jonathan
作者单位：Bocconi University; McMaster University; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA)
摘要：We use practice variation across physicians to uncover the role of medical care in causing opioid dependence. Using health records of 2 million US veterans with emergency department visits, we find that quasi-random assignment to a top (versus bottom) decile prescribing provider significantly increases subsequent opioid use and misuse rates. Instrumental variable results show that opioid prescription receipt leads to a 20 percent increase in the probability of long-term prescription opioid use...
-
作者：Bleemer, Zachary; Mehta, Aashish
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：We investigate the wage return to studying economics by leveraging a policy that prevented students with low introductory grades from declaring a major. Students who barely met the grade point average threshold to major in economics earned $22,000 (46 percent) higher annual early-career wages than they would have with their second-choice majors. Access to the economics major shifts students' preferences toward business/finance careers, and about half of the wage return is explained by economic...
-
作者：Geruso, Michael; Spears, Dean; Talesara, Ishaana
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Inversions-in which the popular vote winner loses the election-have occurred in four US presidential races. We show that rather than being statistical flukes, inversions have been ex ante likely since the early 1800s. In elections yielding a popular vote margin within 1 point (one-eighth of presidential elections), about 40 percent will be inversions in expectation. We show this conditional probability is remarkably stable across historical periods-despite differences in which groups voted, wh...
-
作者：Esposito, Elena
作者单位：University of Lausanne
摘要：This paper documents the role of malaria in the diffusion of African slavery in the United States. The novel empirical evidence reveals that the introduction of malaria triggered a demand for malaria-resistant labor, which led to a massive expansion of African enslaved workers in the more malaria-infested areas. Further results document that among African slaves, more malaria-resistant individuals-i.e., those born in the most malaria-ridden regions of Africa-commanded significantly higher pric...
-
作者：Lopez, Carolina; Sautmann, Anja; Schaner, Simone
作者单位：Brown University; The World Bank; University of Southern California; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In an experiment in Mali, we tested whether patients pressure providers to prescribe unnecessary medical treatment. We varied patients' information about a discount for antimalarial tablets and measure demand for both tablets and costlier antimalarial injections. We find evidence of patient-driven demand: informing patients about the discount, instead of letting providers decide to share this information, increased discount use by 35 percent and overall malaria treatment by 10 percent. These m...
-
作者：Hussam, Reshmaan; Rabbani, Atonu; Reggiani, Giovanni; Rigol, Natalia
作者单位：Harvard University; Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRAC; BRAC University
摘要：We test the predictions of the rational addiction model, reconceptualized as rational habit formation, in the context of handwashing in rural India. To track handwashing, we design soap dispensers with timed sensors. We test for rational habit formation by informing some households about a future change in the returns to daily hand washing. Monitoring and incentives raise handwashing contemporaneously, and effects persist well after they end. In addition, people are rational about this habit f...
-
作者：Mehmood, S. U. L. T. A. N.
作者单位：New Economic School
摘要：A central question in development economics is whether there are adequate checks and balances on the executive. This paper provides causal evidence of how increasing constraints on the executive-via removal of presidential discretion in judicial appointments-pro-motes the rule of law. The age structure of judges at the time of the reform and the mandatory retirement age law provide us with an exogenous source of variation in the termination of presidential dis-cretion in judicial appointments....
