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作者：Mayda, Anna Maria; Peri, Giovanni; Steingress, Walter
作者单位：Georgetown University; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：This paper studies the impact of immigration to the United States on the vote share for the Republican Party using county-level data from 1990 to 2016. Our main contribution is to show that an increase in high-skilled immigrants decreases the share of Republican votes, while an inflow of low-skilled immigrants increases it. These effects are mainly due to the indirect impact on existing citizens' votes, and this is independent of the origin country and race of immigrants. We find that the poli...
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作者：Arnold, David
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：While privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) remains a popular policy tool in many countries, the impacts on workers are unclear. This paper studies the case of Brazil, which implemented a large privatization program in the 1990s. Following privatization, incumbent workers in privatized SOEs suffer a wage decline of roughly 25 percent relative to a matched control group. Additionally, private sector firms that are connected to privatized SOEs by labor mobility also reduce wages. A sum...
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作者：Chen, Yiqun; Persson, Petra; Polyakova, Maria
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Stanford University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University
摘要：In the context of Sweden, we show that having a doctor in the family raises preventive health investments throughout the life cycle, improves physical health, and prolongs life. Two quasi-experimental research designs-medical school admission lotteries and variation in the timing of medical degrees-support a causal interpretation of these effects. A hypothetical policy that would bring the same health behavior changes and benefits to all Swedes would close 18 percent of the mortality-income gr...
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作者：Avis, Eric; Ferraz, Claudio; Finan, Frederico; Varjao, Carlos
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; University of British Columbia; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Amazon.com
摘要：This paper studies the effects of campaign spending limits on the political entry, selection, and behavior of local politicians in Brazil. We analyze a reform that limits campaign spending for mayoral elections. The limits were implemented with a discontinuity that we exploit for causal identification. We find that stricter limits reduce reelection rates and increase political competition by attracting more candidates who are also less wealthy and rely less on self-financing. Despite their eff...
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作者：Hjalmarsson, Randi; Lindquist, Matthew J.
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; Stockholm University
摘要：This paper studies the health effects of Swedish prison reforms that held sentences constant but increased the share of time inmates had to serve. The increased time served did not harm post-release health and actually reduced mortality risk. We find especially large decreases in mortality for offenders not previously incarcerated, younger offenders, and those more attached to the labor market. Risk of suicide and circulatory death fell for inmates with mental health problems and older inmates...
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作者：Anderson, D. Mark; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Rees, Daniel, I
作者单位：Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：Using data on 25 major American cities for the period -1900-1940, we explore the effects of -municipal-level public health efforts that were viewed as critical in the fight against foodborne and -waterborne -diseases. In addition to studying interventions such as treating sewage and setting bacteriological standards for milk, which have received little attention, we provide new evidence on the effects of water -filtration and chlorination, extending the work of previous -scholars. Although wat...
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作者：Spamann, Holger
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Heyes and Saberian ( 2019b) estimate from 2000-2004 data that outdoor temperature reduces US immigration judges' propensity to grant asylum. This estimate is the result of coding and data errors and of sample selection. Correcting the errors reduces the point estimate by two-thirds, with a wide 95 percent confidence interval straddling zero. Enlarging the sample to 1990-2019 flips the point estimate's sign and rules out the effect size reported by Heyes and Saberian with very high confidence. ...
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作者：Genakos, Christos; Pagliero, Mario
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Collegio Carlo Alberto; University of Turin
摘要：We measure how pass-through varies with competition in isolated oligopolistic markets with captive consumers. Using daily pricing data from gas stations on small Greek islands, we study how unantic-ipated and exogenous changes in excise duties are passed through to consumers in markets with different numbers of retailers. We find that pass-through increases from 0.4 in monopoly markets to 1 in markets with four or more competitors and remains constant thereafter. The speed of price adjustment ...
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作者：Denning, Jeffrey T.; Eide, Eric R.; Mumford, Kevin J.; Patterson, Richard W.; Warnick, Merrill
作者单位：Brigham Young University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Stanford University
摘要：We document that college completion rates have increased since the 1990s, after declining in the 1970s and 1980s. We find that most of the increase in graduation rates can be explained by grade inflation and that other factors, such as changing student characteristics and institutional resources, play little or no role. This is because GPA strongly predicts graduation, and GPAs have been rising since the 1990s. This finding holds in national survey data and in records from nine large public un...
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作者：Lusher, Lester; Schnorr, Geoffrey C.; Taylor, Rebecca L. C.
作者单位：University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Sydney
摘要：We provide causal evidence of an ex ante moral hazard effect of unemployment insurance (UI) by matching plausibly exogenous changes in UI benefit duration across state-weeks during the Great Recession to high-frequency productivity measures from individual supermarket cashiers. Estimating models with date and cashier-register fixed effects, we identify a modest but statistically significant negative relationship between UI benefits and worker productivity. This effect is strongest for more exp...
