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作者：Alexander, Diane; Schnell, Molly
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine how supply-side health insurance generosity affects patient access, use, and health. Exploiting large, exogenous changes in Medicaid reimbursement rates for physicians, we find that increasing payments for new patient office visits reduces reports of providers turning away beneficiaries: closing the gap in payments between Medicaid and private insurers would reduce more than half of disparities in access among adults and would eliminate such disparities among children. We further fi...
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作者：Moreira, Diana; Perez, Santiago
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We use newly digitized data to study the impacts of a historical reform that mandated exams for some employees in the largest US customs -collection districts. Although the reform improved targeted employees' professional backgrounds and reduced turnover , it did not lead to significant improvements in the cost-effectiveness of customs revenue collection. The incomplete reach of the reform was key for this partial success. First , the reform incentivized hiring in exam -exempted positions , di...
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作者：Deutschmann, Joshua W.; Lipscomb, Molly; Schechter, Laura; Zhu, Jessica
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Virginia; University of Virginia; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：We run a randomized controlled trial coupled with lab -in -the -field social network experiments in urban Dakar. Decision spillovers and health externalities play a large role in determining uptake of sanitation technology, with decision spillovers being largest among households that don't receive significant subsidies. There is no evidence that the spillovers are explained by social forces in general, nor by specific social mechanisms such as learning from others, social pressure, or reciproc...
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作者：Foy, Morgan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper examines whether the civil service system protected state bureaucrats from political interference following a recall petition against the governor of Wisconsin. I find that most classified workers , who were covered by the state civil service laws , were paid equally by signing status following the public disclosure of the petition list. Conversely , signers in the unclassified service , a smaller set of government positions , were paid about 3 percent less annually relative to nons...
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作者：Xu, Huayu; Adhvaryu, Achyuta
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We study the human capital effects of access to elite bureaucratic jobs in Taiwan , where performance on an examination determines entry into the civil service. Historically , quotas for successful applicants were set based on the 1948 populations of individuals' native provinces in mainland China. This resulted in a higher probability of success on the exam-and , thus , greater access to elite positions-for descendants of certain migrant groups. These preferential quotas were replaced in 1962...
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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Enevoldsen, Nils; Pande, Rohini; Walton, Michael
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Yale University; Yale University; Harvard University
摘要：Two years prior to elections , two-thirds of Delhi municipal councillors learned they had been randomly chosen for a preelection newspaper report card. Treated councillors in high -slum areas increased pro -poor spending , relative both to control counterparts and treated counterparts from low -slum areas. Treated incumbents ineligible to rerun in home wards because of randomly assigned gender quotas were substantially likelier to run elsewhere only if their report card showed a strong pro -po...
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作者：Fischer, Stefanie; Royer, Heather; White, Corey
作者单位：Monash University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Over the last few decades , health care services in the United States have become more geographically centralized. We study how the loss of hospital -based obstetric units in over 400 counties affects maternal and infant health via a difference -in -differences design. We find that closures lead mothers to experience a significant change in birth procedures such as inductions and C -sections. In contrast to concerns voiced in the public discourse , the effects on a range of maternal and infant...
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作者：Hackmann, Martin B.; Pohl, R. Vincent; Ziebarth, Nicolas R.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Mannheim; University of Mannheim; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Cornell University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：How do patient and provider incentives affect the provision of long-term care? Our analysis of 551,000 nursing home stays yields three main insights. First , due to limited cost -sharing, Medicaidcovered residents prolong their nursing home stays instead of transitioning to community -based care. Second , when facility capacity binds , nursing homes shorten Medicaid stays to admit more profitable out-of-pocket private payers. Third , providers react more elastically to financial incentives tha...
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作者：Hershbein, Brad; Stuart, Bryan A.
作者单位：W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：This paper studies how US local labor markets respond to employment losses that occur during recessions. Following recessions from 1973 through 2009 , we find areas that lose more jobs during the recession experience persistent relative declines in employment and population. Most importantly , these local labor markets also experience persistent decreases in the employment -population ratio , earnings per capita , and earnings per worker. Our results imply that limited population responses res...
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作者：Marion, Justin; West, Jeremy
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Governments often privatize the administration of regulations to third-party specialists paid for by the regulated parties. We study how the resulting conflict of interest can have unintended consequences for the distributional impacts of regulation. In Massachusetts, the party responsible for hazardous waste contamination must hire a licensed contractor to quantify the environmental severity. We find that contractors' evaluations favor their clients, exhibiting substantial score bunching just...
