Intergenerational Mobility in India: New Measures and Estimates across Time and Social Groupst

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Asher, Sam; Novosad, Paul; Rafkin, Charlie
• 署名单位: Imperial College London; Dartmouth College; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
• 刊物名称: AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL-APPLIED ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1945-7782
• DOI: 10.1257/app.20210686
• 发表日期: 2024
• 页码: 66-98
• 关键词: AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION; educational mobility; UNITED-STATES; opportunity; GENDER; caste; EQUALITY; TRENDS; fall

摘要

We study intergenerational mobility in India. We propose a new measure of upward mobility: the expected education rank of a child born to parents in the bottom half of the education distribution. This measure works well under data constraints common in developing countries and historical contexts. Intergenerational mobility in India has been constant and low since before liberalization. Among sons , we observe rising mobility for Scheduled Castes and declining mobility among Muslims. Daughters' intergenerational mobility is lower than sons' , with less cross -group variation over time. A natural experiment suggests that affirmative action for Scheduled Castes has substantially improved their mobility. ( JEL I24, J13, J15, J16, J62, O12, Z12 )