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作者：Layton, Timothy J.; Maestas, Nicole; Prinz, Daniel; Vabson, Boris
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; The World Bank; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We study two mechanisms used by public health insurance programs for rationing health care: outsourcing to private managed care plans and quantity limits for prescription drugs. Leveraging a natural experiment in Texas's Medicaid program, we find that the shift to managed care and the relaxation of a strict drug cap increased access to high-value drugs and outpatient services and reduced avoidable hospitalizations. Program costs increased significantly, indicating a trade-off between cost and ...
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作者：Liu, Chenyuan; Sydnor, Justin
作者单位：Tsinghua University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Prior research documents that there are sometimes dominated options in health plan menus, but is that common? We analyze Kaiser Family Foundation data on health plans that firms offer to their employees. For firms offering both a high-deductible and lower-deductible health plan, 62 percent of the time the high-deductible option has lower maximum spending risk for the employee. We estimate that the high-deductible plan dominates at roughly half of firms. We discuss potential mechanisms behind t...
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作者：Rossi, Pauline; Godard, Mathilde
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：The old-age security motive for fertility postulates that people's needs for old-age support raise the demand for children. We exploit the extension of social pensions in Namibia during the 1990s to pro-vide a quasi-experimental quantification of this widespread idea. The reform eliminated inequalities in pension coverage and ben-efits across regions and ethnic groups. Combining differences in pre-reform pensions and differences in exposure across cohorts, we show that pensions substantially r...
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作者：Gershenson, Seth; Hart, Cassandra M. D.; Hyman, Joshua; Lindsay, Constance A.; Papageorge, Nicholas W.
作者单位：American University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; Amherst College; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Leveraging the Tennessee STAR class size experiment, we show that Black students randomly assigned to at least one Black teacher in grades K-3 are 9 percentage points (13 percent) more likely to graduate from high school and 6 percentage points (19 percent) more likely to enroll in college compared to their Black schoolmates who are not. Black teachers have no significant long-run effects on White students. Postsecondary education results are driven by two-year colleges and concentrated among ...
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作者：MULLER-ITTEN, Michele; ORY, Aniko
作者单位：University of Notre Dame
摘要：We analyze the long-term workforce composition when the quality of mentoring available to majority and minority juniors depends on their representation in the workforce. A workforce with at least 50 percent majority workers invariably converges to one where the majority is overrepresented relative to the population. To maximize welfare, persistent interventions, such as group-specific fellowships, are often needed, and the optimal workforce may include minority workers of lower innate talent t...
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作者：Knight, Brian; Schiff, Nathan
作者单位：Brown University; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics
摘要：College admissions in the United States are decentralized, creating frictions that limit student choice. We study the Common Application (CA) platform, under which students submit a single application to member schools, potentially reducing frictions and increasing student choice. The CA increases the number of applications received by schools, reflecting a reduction in frictions, and reduces the yield on accepted students, reflecting increased choice. The CA increases out-of-state enrollment,...
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作者：Tazhitdinova, Alisa
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Moonlighting is increasingly popular in OECD countries, with 5 to 10 percent of workers holding two or more jobs. However, little is known about the responsiveness of moonlighting to financial incentives due to the lack of identifying variation. This paper studies a unique reform in Germany that allowed workers to hold small secondary jobs tax-free, decreasing the marginal tax rate by between 19.5 to 66 pp. 1 show that the reform resulted in a dramatic increase in moonlighting that was not off...
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作者：Myers, Erica; Puller, Steven L.; West, Jeremy
作者单位：University of Calgary; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Mandatory disclosure policies are implemented broadly despite sparse evidence that they improve market outcomes. We study the effects of requiring home sellers to provide buyers with certified audits of residential energy efficiency. Using similar nearby homes as a comparison group, we find that this requirement increases price premiums for energy efficiency and encourages energy-saving investments. We additionally present evidence highlighting the mar-ket failure-incomplete information by bot...
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作者：Pollakowski, Henry O.; Weinberg, Daniel H.; Andersson, Fredrik; Haltiwanger, John C.; Palloni, Giordano; Kutzbach, Mark J.
作者单位：Harvard University; Bank of America Corporation; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
摘要：We create a national-level longitudinal dataset to analyze how children's participation in public and voucher-assisted housing affects age-26 earnings and adult incarceration. Naive OLS estimates suggest that returns to subsidized housing participation are negative, but that relationship is driven by household selection into assisted housing. Household fixed effects estimates indicate that additional years of public housing increase earnings by 6.2 percent for females and 6.1 percent for males...
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作者：Laufer, Steven; Paciorek, Andrew
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：This paper uses changes in mortgage lenders' minimum credit score thresholds to credibly identify the effects of access to household credit. Falling under these thresholds has very large negative effects on borrowing for up to two years, and these effects fail to reverse within four years. The effects are particularly concentrated among individuals who have relatively high credit demand and face relatively large contractions in credit supply. In addition, access to new mortgage credit reduces ...
