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作者：Beg, Sabrin; Halim, Waqas; Lucas, Adrienne M.; Saif, Umar
作者单位：University of Delaware; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using two RCTs in middle schools in Pakistan, we show that brief, expert-led, curriculum-based videos integrated into the classroom experience improved teaching effectiveness: student test scores in math and science increased by 0.3 standard deviations, 60 percent more than the control group, after 4 months of exposure. Students and teachers increased their attendance, and students were more likely to pass the high-stakes government exams. By contrast, pro-viding similar content to students on...
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作者：Evans, Mary F.; Harris, Matthew C.; Kessler, Lawrence M.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
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作者：Henry, Emeric; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina; Guriev, Sergei
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Paris School of Economics
摘要：During the 2019 European elections campaign, we exposed a random sample of French voting-age Facebook users to false statements by a far-right populist party. A randomly selected subgroup was also presented with fact-checking of these statements; another subgroup was offered a choice of whether to view the fact-checking. Participants could then share these statements on their Facebook pages. We show that (i) both imposed and voluntary fact-checking reduce sharing of false statements by about 4...
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作者：Laffitte, Sebastien; Toubal, Farid
作者单位：Universite Paris Saclay; Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Laboratoire dEconomie de Dauphine LEDa; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We show that US multinationals record sales and the profits from these sales in tax havens while their goods and services are physically sold in other countries. We propose a framework illustrating the strategy of sales shifting. Our results reveal the importance of tax havens, which attract a disproportionate fraction of worldwide sales. Our quantifi-cation shows a large contribution of sales shifting to multinationals' profit shifting, which amounted to $80 billion in 2013. Our findings sugg...
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作者：Marcus, Jan; Siedler, Thomas; Ziebarth, Nicolas R.
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Free University of Berlin; University of Hamburg; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; University of Potsdam; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW)
摘要：Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the twenty-first century. While small-scale experiments change behaviors among adults in the short run, we know little about the effectiveness of large-scale policies or the longer-run impacts. To nudge primary school children into a long-term habit of exercising, the German state of Saxony distributed sports club membership vouchers among all 33,000 third graders in 2009. In 2018, we carried out a register-based survey t...
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作者：Bostwick, Valerie; Fischer, Stefanie; Lang, Matthew
作者单位：Kansas State University; Monash University; University of California System; University of California Riverside
摘要：There exists a long-standing debate in higher education on which academic calendar is optimal. Using panel data on the near universe of four-year nonprofit institutions and leveraging quasi-experimental variation in calendars across institutions and years, we show that switching from quarters to semesters negatively impacts on-time graduation rates. Event study analyses show that the negative effects persist beyond the transition. Using transcript data, we replicate this analysis at the studen...
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作者：Goldin, Jacob; Homonoff, Tatiana; Meckel, Katherine
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Many safety net programs issue benefits as monthly lump-sum payments. We investigate how the timing of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit issuance affects food purchases and the incidence of the transfer. Using scanner data from a large sample of grocery stores and state and time variation in SNAP issuance schedules, we document large, SNAP-induced intramonth cycles in food expenditures. However, we find that retailers do not adjust prices based on these predictable patte...
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作者：HOE, T. H. O. M. A. S. P.
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University
摘要：This paper estimates the impact of hospital crowding on medical treatment decisions and patient health outcomes. Exploiting pseudorandom variation in emergency admissions, I find that a readmission rate by 4.1 percent. Nonparametric and heterogeneity analyses suggest that ???quicker and sicker??? discharges contribute to the additional readmissions. The crowding impacts are larger in hospital departments with fewer beds, sicker patients, and stronger
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作者：Verho, Jouko; Hamalainen, Kari; Kanninen, Ohto
作者单位：VATT Institute for Economic Research
摘要：This paper provides evidence that replacing minimum unemployment benefits with a basic income of equal size has minor employment effects at best. We examine an experiment in Finland in which 2,000 benefit recipients were randomized to receive a monthly basic income. The experiment lowered participation tax rates by 23 percentage points for full-time employment. Despite the considerable increase in work incentives, days in employment remained statistically unchanged in the first year of the exp...
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作者：Atwood, Alicia
作者单位：Vassar College
摘要：The measles vaccine was introduced in 1963. Take-up of the vaccine in the United States occurred quickly and universally, leading to reductions in morbidity and mortality. New biological evidence on how the measles virus interacts with our immune system indicates the impact of the measles vaccine may be underestimated. Using a difference-in-difference identification strategy, 1 find evidence the measles vaccine increased earnings and employment. Long-term follow-up of adults finds an increase ...
