-
作者：Phillips, Meredith; Reber, Sarah
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Although in-person college access programs can be effective, less is known about whether low-cost and scalable virtual interventions can achieve the same benefits. We evaluate two variants of a virtual college counseling program. Students randomly assigned to the program felt more supported applying to college and applied more broadly to four-year colleges, but were not more likely to be accepted or enroll. We analyze rich and extensive survey data to explore mechanisms and why the program did...
-
作者：Scharf, Kimberley; Smith, Sarah; Ottoni-Wilhelm, Mark
作者单位：University of Birmingham; University of Bristol; Indiana University System; Indiana University Indianapolis
摘要：Fundraising interventions may lift donations and/ or shift their composition and timing. Using data rich in both the charity space and time dimensions, we find that major fundraising appeals lift donations to the appeal charity and that this increase is not offset by lower donations later in time. Strikingly, major appeals also forward-shift donations to other (nonappeal) charities that are offset by lower donations later. To understand these response patterns, we introduce a two-period, two-c...
-
作者：Schweiger, Helena; Stepanov, Alexander; Zacchia, Paolo
作者单位：European Bank of Reconstructon & Development; Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences
摘要：We study the long-run effects of historical place-based R&D policies: the creation of Science Cities in Soviet Russia. We compare current demographic and economic characteristics of Science Cities with those of localities that were similar to them at the time of their establishment. We find that in present-day Russia, Science Cities are more innovative and productive, host more highly skilled workers, and pay them higher salaries. We interpret these findings as the result of the interaction be...
-
作者：Wilson, Nicholas
作者单位：Reed College - Portland; Reed College - Portland
摘要：I measure the effect of child marriage bans on female educational attainment and employment using a difference-in-differences approach employing subnational spatial and cohort variation in a sample of over 250,000 female respondents from 17 low- and middle-income countries banning child marriage between 1995 and 2012. My results using the full study sample suggest that raising the minimum legal age of marriage to 18 increased age at marriage, age at first birth, and the likelihood of employmen...
-
作者：Duggan, Mark; Gupta, Atul; Jackson, Emilie
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We exploit changes in the discontinuity in health insurance coverage at age 65 induced by the implementation of the Affordable Care Act to examine effects on coverage, hospital use, and patient health. We then link these changes to effects on hospital finances. We show that a substantial share of the federally funded Medicaid expansion substituted for existing locally funded safety net programs. Despite this offset, the expansion produced a substantial increase in hospital revenue, reflected i...
-
作者：Sanders, Nicholas J.; Barreca, Alan, I
作者单位：Cornell University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：The Acid Rain Program (ARP) cut sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from power plants in the United States, with considerable benefits. We show this also reduced ambient sulfate levels, which lowered agriculture productivity through decreased soil sulfur. Using plant-level SO2 emissions and an atmospheric transport model, we estimate the relationship between airborne sulfate levels and yields for corn and soybeans. We estimate crop revenue losses for these two crops at around $1-$1.5 billion per ye...
-
作者：Dippel, Christian
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：This paper studies public sector pension obligations, the biggest fiscal challenge currently facing many US cities. Employing a regression discontinuity design around close elections, benefit payments out of a city's public sector pensions are shown to grow faster under Democratic party mayors, while contributions into the pensions do not. Previous research showed that parties do not matter for a wide range of cities' fiscal expenditures and explained this with voters imposing fiscal disciplin...
-
作者：Lee, Samuel; Persson, Petra
作者单位：Santa Clara University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：Certain markets are illicit because part of the supply is coerced, but little is known about the optimal regulation of such markets. We model a prostitution market with voluntary and coerced prostitutes and ask what regulation can restore the benchmark outcome that would arise under laissez-faire absent coercion. Whereas current policies-decriminalization, criminalization of the buy or sell sides, and licensing-are ineffective against trafficking or harm voluntary suppliers, we show that an al...
-
作者：COHEN, F. R. A. N. C. O. I. S.; DECHEZLEPRETRE, A. N. T. O. I. N. E.
作者单位：University of Barcelona; University of Oxford; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We examine the impact of temperature on mortality in Mexico using daily data over the period 1998-2017 and find that 3.8 percent of deaths in Mexico are caused by suboptimal temperature (26,000 every year). However, 92 percent of weather-related deaths are induced by cold (<12 degrees C) or mildly cold (12-20 degrees C) days and only 2 percent by outstandingly hot days (>32 degrees C). Furthermore, temperatures are twice as likely to kill people in the bottom half of the income distribution. F...
-
作者：ZHENG, A. N. G. E. L. A.
作者单位：McMaster University
摘要：School choice programs break the link between residential location and school attendance, and should weaken the capitalization of school quality into house prices. For the first time, I quantify the effect of one such program-charter school expansions-across several states using a dataset covering charter entries and house prices. I embed an event study of charter entry into a boundary discontinuity design and find that, on average, school choice decreases the valuation of traditional schools ...
