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作者：Gulyas, Andreas; Seitz, Sebastian; Sinha, Sourav
作者单位：University of Mannheim; University of Manchester; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Yale University
摘要：We study the 2011 Austrian pay transparency law, which requires firms above a size threshold to publish internal reports on the gender pay gap. Using an event-study design, we show that the policy had no discernible effects on male and female wages, thus leaving the gender wage gap unchanged. The effects are precisely estimated, and we rule out that the policy narrowed the gender wage gap by more than 0.4 p.p.. Moreover, we do not find evidence for wage compression within establishments. We di...
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作者：Lakdawala, Leah K.; Nakasone, Eduardo; Kho, Kevin
作者单位：Wake Forest University; Michigan State University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：We investigate the impacts of school-based internet access on second graders' test scores, using over 2 million student observations from a panel of Peruvian public primary schools. We identify effects up to 6+ years after installation on different cohorts of second-grade students, exploiting variation in the timing of internet access induced by the rollout of a national program. We find positive but modest short-run impacts, but importantly, these effects grow for subsequent cohorts. Indeed, ...
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作者：De Walque, Damien; Valente, Christine
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Bristol
摘要：Many countries use CCTs targeted to parents to promote schooling. Attendance conditions may work through two channels: incentiviza-tion and information. If children have private information, (i) pro-viding attendance information to parents may increase attendance inexpensively relative to CCTs and (ii) it may be more effective to incentivize children, who have full information, than parents. Tackling both questions in a unified experimental setting, we find that information alone improves pare...
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作者：Andrews, Michael J.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County
摘要：I use narrative historical data on site selection decisions for a sub-set of US colleges to identify runner-up locations that were strongly considered to become the sites of new colleges. Using runner-up counties as counterfactuals in a difference-in-difference model, I find that establishing a college causes 62 percent more patents per year. Linking patents to novel college yearbook data reveals that only 12 percent of patents in a college's county came from that col-lege's alumni or faculty....
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作者：Lang, Valentin; Mihalyi, David; Presbitero, Andrea F.
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW); International Monetary Fund; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：Can debt moratoria help countries weather negative shocks? We exploit the Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) to study the bond market effects of deferring official debt repayments. Using daily data on sovereign bond spreads and synthetic control meth-ods, we show that countries eligible for official debt relief experience a larger decline in borrowing costs compared to similar, ineli-gible countries. This decline is stronger for countries that receive a larger relief, suggesting that th...
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作者：Zaklan, Aleksandar
作者单位：Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
摘要：I examine the Coasean independence property in a large multinational cap-and-trade scheme for greenhouse gas emissions, the EU Emissions Trading System. I analyze whether emissions of power producers are independent from allowance allocations by leveraging a change in allocation policy for a difference-in-difference strategy. The evidence suggests that the independence property holds overall and for larger emitters and that firms respond to the loss in allocation by increasing allowance purcha...
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作者：Liu, Maggie; Shamdasani, Yogita; Taraz, Vis
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury; National University of Singapore; Smith College
摘要：How do rising temperatures affect -long-term labor reallocation in developing economies? In this paper we examine how increases in temperature impact structural transformation and urbanization within Indian districts between 1951 and 2011. We find that rising temperatures are associated with lower shares of workers in -nonagricultural sectors, with effects intensifying over a longer time frame. Supporting evidence suggests that local demand effects play an important role: declining agricultura...
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作者：Agha, Leila; Ericson, Keith Marzilli; Zhao, Xiaoxi
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Boston University; Boston University
摘要：We measure organizational concentration-the distribution of a patient's health care across organizations-to examine how firm boundaries affect health care efficiency. First, when patients move to regions where outpatient visits are typically concentrated within a small set of firms, their health care utilization falls. Second, for patients whose primary care providers (PCPs) exit the market, switching to a PCP with 1 standard deviation higher organizational concentration reduces utilization by...
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作者：Arora, Ashna
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Can sanctions deter juvenile crime? Research indicates that they may not, as offending barely decreases when individuals cross the age of criminal majority and begin to face harsher sanctions. Several models of criminal behavior predict, however, that these small reac-tions close to the threshold may mask larger behavioral responses among individuals below the age threshold. Policy variation between 2007-2015 in the United States is used to show evidence consistent with these predictions-juven...
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作者：Beer, Sebastian; de Mooij, Ruud; Hebous, Shafik; Keen, Michael; Liu, Li
作者单位：University of Tokyo; Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
摘要：Residual profit allocation (RPA) schemes have come to prominence in discussions of international tax reform but with almost nothing known about their economic impact. These schemes tax multina-tionals by allocating their routine profits to source countries and sharing their remaining residual profit across countries on some formulaic basis. This paper explores the implications, con-ceptual and empirical, of moving to some form of RPA. Residual profits are estimated to be substantial and concen...
