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作者：Barnett, Michael L.; Olenski, Andrew; Sacarny, Adam
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Lehigh University; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Efforts to raise US health-care productivity have proceeded slowly, potentially due to the fragmentation of payment across insurers. Each insurer's efforts to improve care could influence how doc-tors practice for other insurers, leading to unvalued externalities. We study a randomized letter intervention by Medicare to cur-tail overuse of antipsychotics. The letters did not mention private insurance but reduced prescribing to these patients by 12 percent, much like the 17 percent effect in Me...
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作者：Holz, Justin E.; Rivera, Roman G.; Ba, Bocar A.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Columbia University; Duke University
摘要：We study the link between police officers' on-duty injuries and their peers' force use using a network of officers who attended the police academy together through a random lottery. On-duty inju-ries increase the probability of officers using force by 7 percent in the subsequent week. Officers are also more likely to injure sus-pects and receive complaints about neglecting victims and violat-ing constitutional rights. The effect is concentrated in a narrow time window following the event and i...
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作者：Carrillo, Bladimir; Charris, Carlos; Iglesias, Wilman
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Universidade Catolica de Brasilia
摘要：During the South African apartheid, Black people were forced to move to homelands during the 1960s and 1970s, resulting in one of history's largest segregation policy experiments. We examine how and why relocation to the homelands affected human capital attain-ment. Exploiting the staggered timing of homeland establishment in a cross-cohort identification strategy, we find that moving to the home-lands during childhood significantly reduces educational attainment, labor earnings, and employmen...
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作者：Bi, Huixin; Zubairy, Sarah
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We construct a database of public pension policy changes with motiStructural pension reforms, motivated by long-run sustainability concerns, often come with prolonged phase-in periods. In response retirement stay in the workforce longer. News about future pension retrenchments with implementation lags, however, is likely to lead this group to exit the labor market. This decline in the labor force participation rate is particularly strong for reforms with long lags, ones that introduce fundamen...
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作者：Ohrn, Eric
作者单位：Grinnell College
摘要：I analyze the effect of two corporate tax breaks, bonus depreciation and the Domestic Production Activities Deduction (DPAD), on executive compensation in publicly traded US firms. I find both tax breaks significantly increase executive compensation. For every dollar a firm benefits from the tax breaks, compensation of the firm's top five highest-paid executives increases by $0.17 to $0.25. The tax breaks increase compensation primarily in firms with weaker governance structures, suggesting th...
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作者：Feng, Josh; Hwang, Thomas; Maini, Luca
作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University
摘要：Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find that an increase to Medicaid's minimum drug rebate under the Affordable Care Act in 2010 lowered non-Medicaid drug spending by 2.5 percent. A stylized bargaining model shows that this is likely driven by the interaction of this reform with Medicaid's most-favored customer clause (MFCC). By examining the response of drugs that faced a change in incentives equivalent to the removal of Medicaid's MFCC, we estimate that removing the Medicaid MFCC ...
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作者：Torslov, Thomas; Wier, Ludvig; Zucman, Gabriel
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We show that the fiscal authorities of high-tax countries can lack the incentives to combat profit shifting to tax havens. Instead, they have incentives to focus their enforcement efforts on relocating profits booked by multinationals in other high-tax countries, crowding out the enforcement on transactions that shift profits to tax havens, and reducing the global tax payments of multinational companies. The predictions of our model are motivated and supported by the analysis of two new datase...
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作者：Bergolo, Marcelo; Ceni, Rodrigo; Cruces, Guillermo; Giaccobasso, Matias; Perez-Truglia, Ricardo
作者单位：Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay; Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); National University of La Plata; University of Nottingham; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：The canonical model of Allingham and Sandmo (1972) predicts that firms evade taxes by optimally trading off between the costs and ben-efits of evasion. However, there is no direct evidence that firms react to audits in this way. We conducted a large-scale field experiment in collaboration with a tax authority to address this question. We sent letters to 20,440 small-and medium-sized firms that collectively paid more than US$200 million in taxes per year. We find that providing information abou...
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作者：Cao, Yiming; Fisman, Raymond; Lin, Hui; Wang, Yongxiang
作者单位：Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Nanjing University; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：We study how Chinese state bank managers'lending incentives impact lending to state-owned enterprises (SOEs). We show lending quantity increases and quality decreases at month's end, indicating monthly lending targets that decrease lending standards. Increased quantity comes from both SOEs and private lending, whereas decreased qual-ity is from only SOEs, which continue to receive loans even after prior defaults (particularly at month's end). We suggest that SOE lending may thus be beneficial ...
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作者：De Giorgi, Giacomo; Drenik, Andres; Seira, Enrique
作者单位：University of Geneva; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Nonexclusive sequential borrowing can increase default and impose externalities on prior lenders. We document that sequential banking is pervasive with substantial effects. Using credit card applications from a large bank and data on the applicants' entire loan portfo-lios, we find that an additional credit line causes a 5.9 percentage point decline in default for high-score borrowers on previous loans. However, for low-score borrowers, it causes a 19 percentage point increase. The former use ...
