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作者：Miller, Sarah; Wherry, Laura R.; Foster, Diana Greene
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; New York University; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
摘要：This paper evaluates the financial and economic consequences of being denied an abortion. We link credit report data to the Turnaway Study, which collected high-quality, longitudinal data on women receiving or being denied a wanted abortion in the United States. We compare financial outcomes over a ten-year period for women who had pregnancies just above and below a gestational age limit allowing for a wanted abortion. Outcomes evolved similarly for the two groups prior to the abortion encount...
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作者：Aladangady, Aditya; Aron-Dine, Shifrah; Cashin, David; Dunn, Wendy; Feiveson, Laura; Lengermann, Paul; Richard, Katherine; Sahm, Claudia
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This study explores the spending response to tax refunds for Earned Income Tax Credit recipients using a novel dataset combining transaction-based measures of retail spending with administrative IRS data on tax refunds. Our dataset allows us to exploit variation in the timing of EITC refunds, including changes related to the 2017 PATH Act, along with cross-state differences in refund magnitudes to identify spending responses. Results show EITC recipients spend about $0.30 per refund dollar ($1...
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作者：Schmacker, Renke; Smed, Sinne
作者单位：University of Lausanne; University of Copenhagen
摘要：According to theory , sin taxes are welfare improving if consumers with low self-control respond at least as much to the tax as con-sumers with high self-control. We investigate empirically if demand response to soft drink and fat tax variations in Denmark depends on consumers' self-control. We use a unique home-scan panel that includes a survey measure of self-control. When taxes increase , con-sumers with low self-control reduce purchases less strongly than consumers with high self-control. ...
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作者：Nian, Yongwei; Wang, Chunyang
作者单位：Bocconi University; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School (PKU Shenzhen); Peking University
摘要：Chinese local leaders are frequently moved across prefectures. By combining local leader rotation data and comprehensive firm land parcel purchase data across prefectures from 2006 to 2016, this paper examines how firm-politician connections affect resource allocation and finds that a firm headquartered in a leader's previ-ous work prefecture purchases three times more land parcels in that leader's new governing prefecture than the prefecture-year mean, at half the unit prices. Identification ...
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作者：Buchheim, Lukas; Watzinger, Martin
作者单位：Dortmund University of Technology; University of Munster
摘要：This paper estimates the causal impact of a sizable German pub-lic investment program on employment at the county level. The pro-gram focused on improving the energy efficiency of school buildings , making it possible to use the number of schools as an instrument for investments. It also enforced tight deadlines , reducing poten-tial implementation lags. The program was cost-effective , creating , on average , one job for one year for an investment of euro24,000. The employment gains are detec...
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作者：Anders, John; Barr, Andrew C.; Smith, Alexander A.
作者单位：Trinity University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; United States Military Academy
摘要：We compare the effects of early childhood education on adult crimi-nal behavior across time periods, using administrative crime data that provide significant precision advantages over existing work. We find that improvements in early childhood education led to large (20 per-cent) reductions in later criminal behavior, reductions that far exceed those implied by estimates of test score gains in prior studies. While the benefits generated account for a large portion of the costs of the education...
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作者：Moretti, Enrico; Wilson, Daniel J.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco
摘要：We contribute to the literature on the effect of taxes on the locational choices of wealthy individuals by examining the geographical sensitiv-ity of the Forbes 400 richest Americans to state estate taxes. Though we find billionaires'effective tax rates are only about half the statutory rate, their residential choices are highly sensitive to these taxes, as 35 percent of local billionaires leave states with an estate tax. This tax -in-duced mobility causes a large reduction in the aggregate ta...
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作者：Wu, Jia; Zhang, Junsen; Wang, Chunchao
作者单位：Shandong University; Zhejiang University; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Jinan University; Jinan University
摘要：We estimate the effects of an educational peer intervention in which previously high-and low-achieving students are randomly paired as deskmates in elementary schools in China. Our treatment boosts the mathematics scores of the low-achieving students. Moreover, the treatment enhances the extraversion and agreeableness of high -and low-achieving students, thereby providing evidence that peers can influence personality traits. The positive treatment effects can be attributed to the deskmate-leve...
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作者：Deneault, Christa
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：I estimate the impact of a Louisiana state policy that mandated Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) applications as a high school graduation requirement. I find significant increases in FAFSA completion rates (19 percentage points), and my estimates imply an increase of 1-2 percentage points in college enrollment. There is suggestive evidence that these effects were more concentrated among lower-income students/schools, and merit-based state financial aid applications also increas...
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作者：Ahlquist, John S.; Downey, Mitch
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Stockholm University
摘要：We study direct and indirect effects of Chinese import competition on union membership in the United States, 1990-2014. Import com-petition in manufacturing induced a modest decline in unionization within manufacturing industries. The magnitude is small because unionized manufacturers competed in higher-quality product seg-ments. Manufacturers in right-to-work states experienced more direct competition with low-quality Chinese imports. Outside of manufac-turing, however, import competition cau...
