-
作者：Gutierrez, Emilio; Jaume, David; Tobal, Martin
作者单位：Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：This paper studies the effect of bank credit supply shocks on for-mal employment in Mexico using a proprietary dataset containing information on all loans extended to firms by commercial banks during 2010-2015. We find large impacts on the formal employment of small and medium firms: a positive credit shock of 1 standard deviation increases yearly employment by 1.4 percentage points. The shares of uncollateralized credit and credit received by family firms, younger firms, and firms with no pre...
-
作者：Goodman, Lucas; Patel, Elena; Saunders-Scott, Molly
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Congressional Budget Office
摘要：We study tax loss asymmetry for S corporate owners. These own-ers use most losses contemporaneously, reducing the tax asymmetry compared to C corporations. However, these owners face distor-tions due to the progressive individual tax schedule. The value of this asymmetry is approximately $3.5 billion per year. We find that this asymmetry creates disincentives for risky investment and causes allocative inefficiencies among loss and gains owners. Finally, we simulate the effects of certain provi...
-
作者：Kaplan, Ethan; Saltiel, Fernando; Urzua, Sergio
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; McGill University
摘要：This paper assesses the long-term consequences of voting for democracy. We study Chile's 1988 plebiscite, which ended 15 years of dictatorship and reestablished democracy. Taking advantage of individual-level voting data, we implement an age-based regression discontinuity design comparing long-run registration and turnout rates across marginally eligible and ineligible individuals. We find plebiscite eligibility increased electoral turnout three decades later. The magnitude of the initial mobi...
-
作者：Heller, Blake h.; Mumma, Kirsten slungaard
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; Boston University
摘要：The ability to speak and understand a host country's primary language is strongly associated with measures of immigrant integration. We estimate the causal effects of English language training for adult immigrants on participants' civic and economic outcomes using randomized enrollment lotteries from a public adult education program in Massachusetts. Participation doubles voter participation and increases annual earnings by $2,400 (56 percent). Increased tax revenue from earnings gains cover p...
-
作者：Frakes, Michael D.; Gruber, Jonathan; Justicz, Timothy
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Recent debates over health care reform, including in the context of the Military Health System (MHS) and Veterans Administration, highlight the dispute between public and private provision of health care services. Using novel data on childbirth claims from the MHS and drawing on the combination of plausibly exogenous patient moves and heterogeneity across bases in the availability of base hos-pitals, we identify the impact of receiving obstetrical care on versus off military bases. We find evi...
-
作者：Carrell, Scott E.; Kurlaender, Michal
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：We provide experimental evidence on the impact of specific fac-ulty behaviors aimed at increasing student success for college stu-dents from historically underrepresented groups. The intervention was developed after conducting in-person focus groups and a pilot experiment. We find significant positive treatment effects across a multitude of short-and longer-run outcomes. Specifically, underrep-resented students in the treatment report more positive perceptions of the professor and earned highe...
-
作者：Fabra, Natalia; Imelda
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Given the critical role of renewable energies in current and future electricity markets, it is important to understand how they affect firms' pricing incentives. We study whether the price-depressing effect of renewables depends on their degree of market price exposure. Paying renewables with fixed prices, rather than market-based prices, is more effective at curbing market power when the dominant firms own large shares of renewables, and vice versa. Our empirical analysis leverages several sh...
-
作者：Ajzenman, Nicolas; Cavalcanti, Tiago; Da Mata, Daniel
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Getulio Vargas Foundation; University of Cambridge; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper investigates whether the anti-scientific rhetoric of modern populists can induce followers to engage in risky behavior. We gather electoral information, credit card expenses, and geo-localized mobile phone data for approximately 60 million devices in Brazil. After the president publicly dismissed the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic and challenged scientific recommendations, social distancing in pro-government localities declined. Consistently, credit card expenses increased immediate...
-
作者：Ahmad, Saad; Limao, Nuno; Oliver, Sarah; Shikher, Serge
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：We estimate the impact of increased policy uncertainty from Brexit on UK trade in services. We apply an uncertainty-augmented gravity equation to UK services trade with the European Union at the industry level from 2016:I to 2018:IV. By exploiting the variation in the probability of Brexit from prediction markets interacted with a new trade policy risk measure across service industries, we identify a significant negative impact of the threat of Brexit on trade values and participation. The inc...
-
作者：Lalive, Rafael; Magesan, Arvind; Staubli, Stefan
作者单位：University of Lausanne; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：A reform increasing the full retirement age (FRA) by one year leads to larger than expected delays in pension claiming and retirement, while making late claiming more lucrative leads to a smaller than expected delay in pension claiming. Survey evidence shows people view the FRA as the normal retirement age and prefer to couple pension claiming and retirement decisions together, even though these two decisions are not coupled through social security provisions. Two mechanisms are at work: refer...
