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作者：Botticini, Maristella; Eckstein, Zvi; Vaturi, Anat
作者单位：Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Reichman University; Tel Aviv University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Haifa
摘要：Economists increasingly highlight the role that human capital formation, institutions and cultural transmission may play in shaping health, knowledge and wealth. We study one of the most remarkable instances in which religious norms and childcare practices had a major impact: the history of the Jews in central and eastern Europe from 1500 to 1930. We show that while birth rates were about the same, infant and child mortality among Jews was much lower and accounted for the main difference in Je...
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作者：Francesconi, Marco; James, Jonathan
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作者：Manzini, Paola; Mariotti, Marco; Ulku, Levent
作者单位：University of Sussex; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：The Hicksian definition of complementarity and substitutability may not apply in contexts in which agents are not utility maximisers or where price or income variations, whether implicit or explicit, are not available. We look for tools to identify complementarity and substitutability satisfying the following criteria: they are behavioural (based only on observable choice data); model-free (valid whether the agent is rational or not) and they do not rely on price or income variation. We uncove...
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作者：Schlosser, Analia; Neeman, Zvika; Attali, Yigal
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Educational Testing Service (ETS)
摘要：We study how different demographic groups respond to incentives by comparing their performance in 'high' and 'low' stakes situations. The high stakes situation is the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), and the low stakes situation is a voluntary experimental section of the GRE. We find that males exhibit a larger drop in performance between the high and low stakes examinations than females, and that whites exhibit a larger drop in performance than minorities. Differences between high and low s...
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作者：Phillips, David C.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame
摘要：Researchers commonly measure discrimination by comparing responses to multiple fictional applicants sent to the same vacancy. I find evidence that these applications interact. Using data from several existing experiments, I find that applicants randomly assigned to compete against higher quality applicant pools receive more callbacks. In the presence of such spillovers, many experiments confound discrimination against an individual's characteristics with employers' responses to the composition...
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作者：Lavy, Victor; Sand, Edith
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bank of Israel
摘要：We investigate the impacts separating students in Israel from pre-existing social relationships during the transition from elementary to middle school on their academic progress. We define several types of friendships using students' self-defined friendship nomination and rely for identification on the random assignment of students to classes within a given school. Our results suggest that the number of friends has positive or negative effects on students' educational outcomes, depending on th...
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作者：Fumagalli, Elena; Fumagalli, Laura
作者单位：University of Essex
摘要：We analyse how neighbourhood ethnic diversity and segregation affect adolescents' social participation in England. We distinguish between participation in 'purposeful activities'-such as sports and volunteering-and hanging around with friends. We suggest a novel identification strategy to address the problem of endogeneity of ethnic diversity and segregation. We find that ethnic diversity decreases hanging around, while ethnic segregation increases it. No effects on participation in purposeful...
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作者：Born, Alexandra; Enders, Zeno
作者单位：European Central Bank; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We employ a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to investigate the transmission of the global financial crisis via the collapse of export demand (trade channel) and through losses on cross-border asset holdings (financial channel). Calibrated to German data, the model predicts the trade channel to be twice as important as the financial channel. In the United Kingdom, the latter dominates due to higher foreign-asset holdings, which, at the same time, serve as an automatic stabiliser in...
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作者：Benshaul-Tolonen, Anja
作者单位：Columbia University; Columbia University
摘要：Local industrial development has the potential to improve health and well-being, while also damaging health through exposure to harmful pollution. It is an empirical question which of these effects dominate. Exploiting the quasi-experimental expansion of African large-scale gold mining, I find that local infant mortality rates decrease by more than 50% alongside rapid economic growth. The instantaneous reduction is comparable to overall gains in infant survival rates in the study countries fro...
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作者：Castillo, Marco; Jordan, Jeffrey L.; Petrie, Ragan
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Melbourne; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：We present direct evidence that children who are unwilling to wait for a larger reward and instead prefer a small one earlier (i.e. they have a higher discount rate) are less likely to graduate from high school. Using an incentivised experiment to measure the discount rates of 878 children, we find large effects on human capital accumulation - a one standard deviation increase in the discount rate decreases the probability of graduating from high school by four percentage points. Importantly, ...
