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作者：Bakker, Gerben; Crafts, Nicholas; Woltjer, Pieter
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Warwick; University of Groningen
摘要：We develop new aggregate total factor productivity (TFP) growth estimates for the USA between 1899 and 1941, and sectoral estimates at the most disaggregated level so far, 38 industries. We include hard-to-measure services, and a refined measure of sectoral labour quality growth. The resulting data set supersedes Kendrick (1961), showing TFP growth lower than previously thought, broadly based across industries, and strongly variant intertemporally. The four 'great inventions' that Gordon (2016...
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作者：Bentzen, Jeanet Sinding
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：Religious beliefs potentially influence individual behaviour. But why are some societies more religious than others? One possible answer is religious coping: individuals turn to religion to deal with unbearable and unpredictable life events. To investigate whether coping can explain global differences in religiosity, I combine a global dataset on individual-level religiosity with spatial data on natural disasters. Individuals become more religious if an earthquake recently hit close by. Even t...
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作者：Francesconi, Marco; James, Jonathan
作者单位：University of Essex; University of Bath
摘要：We estimate the effect of binge drinking on road accidents, accident and emergency (A&E) attendances and arrests using a variety of unique English data and a two-sample instrumental variables estimation procedure. Drinking $10+$ units of alcohol in a single session increases road accidents by 18.6%, injury-related A&E attendances by 6.6% and arrests by 71%. The marginal increase from eight to $10+$ alcoholic units implies nearly 6,100 extra road accidents every year, 63,000 additional A&E atte...
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作者：Ignacio Garcia-Perez, J.; Marinescu, Ioana; Vall Castello, Judit
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Barcelona; University of Barcelona
摘要：By reducing the commitmentmade by employers, fixed-term contracts can help low-skilled youth find a first job. However, the long-term impact of fixed-term contracts on these workers' careers may be negative. Using Spanish social security data, we analysed the impact of a large liberalisation in the regulation of fixed-term contracts in 1984. Using a cohort regression discontinuity design, we find that over the first 10 years in the labour market, the reform reduced the number of days worked (b...
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作者：Gavrilova, Evelina; Kamada, Takuma; Zoutman, Floris
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：We show that the introduction of medical marijuana laws (MMLs) leads to a decrease in violent crime in states that border Mexico. The reduction in crime is strongest for counties close to the border (less than 350 kilometres) and for crimes that relate to drug trafficking. In addition, we find that MMLs in inland states lead to a reduction in crime in the nearest border state. Our results are consistent with the theory that decriminalisation of the production and distribution of marijuana lead...
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作者：Ghosh, Atish R.; Qureshi, Mahvash S.; Tsangarides, Charalambos G.
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：Milton Friedman argued that flexible exchange rates facilitate external adjustment. Recent studies find surprisingly little robust evidence that they do. We argue that this is because they use composite ('multilateral') exchange rate regime classifications, which often mask heterogeneous bilateral relationships between countries. Constructing a novel bilateral exchange rate regimes data set for 181 countries over 1980-2011, we find a statistically strong relationship between exchange rate flex...
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作者：Chen, Cheng; Tian, Wei; Yu, Miaojie
作者单位：Peking University; Clemson University; Peking University
摘要：We examine how domestic distortions affect firms' production strategies abroad by documenting two puzzling findings using Chinese firm-level data of manufacturing firms. First, private multinational corporations (MNCs) are less productive than state-owned MNCs, but they are more productive than state-owned enterprises overall. Second, there are disproportionately fewer state-owned MNCs than private MNCs. We build a model to rationalise these findings by showing that discrimination against priv...
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作者：Debortoli, Davide; Kim, Jinill; Linde, Jesper; Nunes, Ricardo
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI); Barcelona School of Economics; Korea University; Sveriges Riksbank; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of Surrey
摘要：Yes, a dual mandate makes a lot of sense. This article studies how to design simple loss functions for central banks, as parsimonious approximations to social welfare. We show, both analytically and quantitatively, that simple loss functions should feature a high weight on measures of economic activity, sometimes even larger than the weight on inflation. Two main factors drive our result. First, stabilising economic activity also stabilises other welfare-relevant variables. Second, the estimat...
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作者：Daudin, Guillaume; Franck, Raphael; Rapoport, Hillel
作者单位：Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Laboratoire dEconomie de Dauphine LEDa; Paris School of Economics; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This article offers an explanation for the convergence of fertility rates across French departements in the second half of the 19th century that emphasises the diffusion of information through internal migration. It tests how migration affected fertility by building a decennial bilateral migration matrix between French departements for 1861-911. The identification strategy uses exogenous variation in transportation costs resulting from the construction of railways. The results suggest that the...
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作者：Booth, Alison; Fan, Elliott; Meng, Xin; Zhang, Dandan
作者单位：Australian National University; National Taiwan University; Peking University
摘要：Our Beijing-based laboratory experiment investigated gender differences in competitive choices across different birth-cohorts experiencing - during their crucial developmental-age - different institutions and social norms. To control for general time trends, we use Taipei counterpart subjects with identical original Confucian traditions. Our findings confirm that exposure to different institutions/norms during crucial developmental-ages significantly changes individuals' behaviour. In particul...
