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作者：Melguizo, Isabel
作者单位：Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de Mexico; Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas A.C. (CIDE)
摘要：This article studies the persistence of disagreement using a dynamic model in which individuals update their attitudes by averaging those of others with whom they relate. Individuals establish homophilous relations and thus favour others with similar (dichotomous) attributes. Attributes determine the intensity of relations to the extent to which there is a substantial difference in attitudes between the two groups of individuals possessing and lacking them. The main finding is that disagreemen...
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作者：Bentzen, Jeanet Sinding; Hariri, Jacob Gerner; Robinson, James A.
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Chicago
摘要：This article documents that indigenous democratic practices are associated with contemporary representative democracy. The basic association is conditioned on the relative strength of the indigenous groups within a country; stronger groups were able to shape national regime trajectories, weaker groups were not. Our analyses suggest that institutions are more likely to persist if they are supported by powerful actors and less likely to persist if the existing power structure is disrupted by, e....
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作者：Christensen, Jens H. E.; Krogstrup, Signe
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：This article presents empirical evidence of a reserve-induced transmission channel of quantitative easing to long-term interest rates. Reserve-induced effects are independent of the assets purchased and run through the impact of reserve expansions on bank balance sheets and the resulting bank portfolio rebalancing. For evidence, we analyse the reaction of Swiss long-term government bond yields to announcements by the Swiss National Bank to expand central bank reserves without acquiring any lon...
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作者：Bhaskar, V.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Secular trends in cohort size cause large marriage market imbalances due to the age gap at marriage between men and women. Positive cohort growth adversely affects women in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Secular decline improves their position in East Asia. I show that the age gap at marriage will not adjust in order to equilibrate the marriage market in response to persistent imbalances, even though it accommodates transitory shocks. This implies large distributional consequences on the s...
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作者：Langella, Monica; Manning, Alan
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This article investigates the impact of ethnic diversity on individuals' satisfaction with their neighbourhoods. It uses panel data and a variety of empirical methods to control for potential endogeneity of diversity and of location choices. We find that a higher white share raises overall satisfaction with the neighbourhood in our (overwhelming white) sample, but has no significant impact on generalised trust or other commonly used measures of social capital. We suggest that part of the impac...
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作者：Leonardi, Marco; Pellizzari, Michele; Tabasso, Domenico
作者单位：University of Milan; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Geneva
摘要：We revisit the role of labour market institutions by showing how they affect the sharing of firm-specific rents between employers and employees. We look at an Italian wage indexation mechanism ('Scala Mobile') that compressed the distribution of wages, imposing real wage increases at the bottom of the distribution. After developing a simplified version of a search model with intra-firm bargaining and on-the-job search, we document that skilled workers received lower wage adjustments when emplo...
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作者：Halliday, Timothy J.; Lynham, John; de Paula, Aureo
作者单位：University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of London; University College London
摘要：The negative consequences of long-term exposure to particulate pollution are well established but a number of studies find no effect of short-term exposure on health outcomes. The high correlation of industrial pollutants complicates the estimation of the impact of individual pollutants on health. In this study, we use emissions from Kilauea volcano, which are uncorrelated with other pollution sources, to estimate the impact of pollutants on local emergency room admissions and a precise measur...
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作者：Borjas, George J.; Kauppinen, Ilpo; Poutvaara, Panu
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; VATT Institute for Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：The Roy model has more precise predictions about the self-selection of migrants than previously realised. The conditions shown to result in positive or negative selection in terms of expected earnings also imply a stochastic dominance relationship between the earnings distributions of migrants and non-migrants. We test these predictions using the Danish full population administrative data. We find strong evidence of positive self-selection of emigrants in terms of pre-emigration earnings and r...
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作者：Carneiro, Pedro; Galasso, Emanuela; Ginja, Rita
作者单位：University of London; University College London; The World Bank; University of Bergen; Uppsala University
摘要：We study a Chilean programme that combines home visits to households in extreme poverty with guaranteed access to social services. Its goal was to connect marginalised families to the social system to improve their living conditions. Programme impacts are identified using regression discontinuity exploring the fact that eligibility is a discontinuous function of an index of family income and assets. There is no evidence of short or long-term effects on employment or housing. However, we find s...
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作者：Li, Xing; Liu, Chong; Weng, Xi; Zhou, Li-An
作者单位：Peking University
摘要：Motivated by the prevalence of economic targets at all levels of territory administration in China, this article proposes a Tullock contest model to study optimal target setting in a multi-layered tournament-based organisation. In our model, targets are used by upper-level officials to convey the importance of economic growth and incentivise subordinates in the tournaments. Our model predicts a top-down amplification of economic growth targets along the jurisdiction levels, which explains the ...
