2021

最新文章

• Contingent determinants AI翻译
  作者：Maseland, Robbert
  作者单位：University of Groningen
  摘要：We study the channels through which 'deep' historical or geographical determinants of development are connected to present outcomes. We distinguish three classes of theoretical processes that explain this connection-persistence, path-dependence due to multiple equilibria, and transitions between growth regimes-and explore the implications of each for the evolution of deep determinants' impacts. Replicating the analyses of 43 determinants identified in the literature at different points in time...
• The globalization of refugee flows AI翻译
  作者：Devictor, Xavier; Do, Quy-Toan; Levchenko, Andrei A.
  作者单位：The World Bank; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of refugees over 1987-2017 and establishes several stylized facts about refugees today compared with past decades. Refugees still predominantly reside in developing countries neighboring their country of origin. However, compared to past decades, refugees today (i) travel longer distances, (ii) are less likely to seek protection in a neighboring country, (iii) are less geographically concentrated, and (iv) are more likely to reside in a high-income ...
• Female employment and intimate partner violence: Evidence from Syrian Refugee inflows to Turkey* AI翻译
  作者：Erten, Bilge; Keskin, Pinar
  作者单位：Northeastern University; Wellesley College
  摘要：We investigate the impact of female employment on intimate partner violence by exploiting the differential arrivals of Syrian refugees across Turkish provinces as an exogenous labor market shock. By employing a distance-based instrument, we find that refugee inflows caused a decline in female employment with no significant impact on male employment. This decline led to a reduction in intimate partner violence, without changes in partner characteristics, gender attitudes, co-residence patterns,...
• Can community service grants foster social and economic integration for youth? A randomized trial in Kazakhstan AI翻译
  作者：Bhanot, Syon P.; Crost, Benjamin; Leight, Jessica; Mvukiyehe, Eric; Yedgenov, Bauyrzhan
  作者单位：Swarthmore College; University of Calgary; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Duke University; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
  摘要：Integrating youth into communities and labor markets is a major challenge for developing countries, and incentives for community service are an increasingly popular tool to achieve this goal. We use a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the Kazakhstan Youth Corps (KYC), a program comprising cash grants for community service projects and life skills training, on social capital for a sample of youth aged 18-29. We find little evidence that engaging youth in civic service and training has any...
• Keeping it in the family: Female inheritance, inmarriage, and the status of women AI翻译
  作者：Bahrami-Rad, Duman
  作者单位：Harvard University
  摘要：While female property ownership is associated with positive outcomes for women, their right to inherit property in patrilineal societies may also result in more constraining marriage norms. I test the following hypothesis: Where a woman inherits property, her male relatives are more likely to arrange her marriage to a cousin in order to keep her share of property within the male lineage. The increase in unearned income due to female inheritance also reduces women's economic participation, espe...
• The long-term consequences of China's Later, Longer, Fewer campaign in old age AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Yi; Fang, Hanming
  作者单位：ShanghaiTech University; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：We examine how China's Later, Longer, Fewer (LLF) policies in the early 1970s affect the quality of life of the Chinese elderly forty years later. We identify the causal impact of the LLF policies by exploiting the provincial heterogeneity in policy implementation. We find that the LLF policies reduced the total fertility rate by 1.57 from 1969 to 1978, explaining about half of the decline in fertility during this period. Parents do not receive fewer financial support as a consequence, but the...
• Measuring the unmeasured: Aggregating, anchoring, and adjusting to estimate small business performance AI翻译
  作者：Anderson, Stephen J.; Lazicky, Christy; Zia, Bilal
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; The World Bank
  摘要：Business sales and profits for small firms are notoriously difficult to measure, with multiple sources of measurement and recall error. This paper introduces a new survey methodology that combines data triangulation with dynamic adjustment to arrive at plausible estimates of these performance outcomes. Business data across three emerging markets show this aggregating, anchoring, and adjusting (AAA) method consistently outperforms the traditional self-reported measure of sales, while the improv...
• Can information influence the social insurance participation decision of China's rural migrants? AI翻译
  作者：Giles, John; Meng, Xin; Xue, Sen; Zhao, Guochang
  作者单位：The World Bank; Australian National University; Jinan University; Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China
  摘要：This paper uses a randomized information intervention to shed light on whether poor understanding of social insurance, both the process of enrolling and costs and benefits, drives the relatively low rates of participation in urban health insurance and pension programs among China?s rural-urban migrants. Among workers without a contract, the information intervention has a strong positive effect on participation in health insurance and, among younger age groups, in pension programs. Migrants are...
• An age profile perspective on two puzzles in global child health: The Indian Enigma & economic growth AI翻译
  作者：Aiyar, Anaka; Cummins, Joseph R.
  作者单位：Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Reno; University of California System; University of California Riverside
  摘要：We provide an age-profile perspective and two classes of regression models that make progress on differentiating between two types of determinants of child health: health endowment effects provided to the child at birth; and health investment effects determined by the post-birth stream of health inputs provided to the child and the productivity of those investments. We apply the framework to two related puzzles in the child health demography literature: the Indian Enigma, where Indian children...
• Designing unemployment insurance for developing countries AI翻译
  作者：Cirelli, Fernando; Espino, Emilio; Sanchez, Juan M.
  作者单位：New York University; Universidad Torcuato Di Tella
  摘要：The high incidence of informality in the labor markets of middle-income economies challenges the provision of unemployment protection. We show that, despite informational frictions, the introduction of an unemployment insurance savings account (UISA) system may provide substantial benefits. This system improves welfare by providing insurance to the unemployed and creating incentives to work in the formal sector. The optimal scheme generates a reduction in unemployment (from 4 to 3 percent), an...