2021

最新文章

• Industrialization from scratch: The Construction of Third Front and local economic development in China's hinterland* AI翻译
  作者：Fan, Jingting; Zou, Ben
  作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Michigan State University
  摘要：This paper investigates whether temporary subsidies to the manufacturing sector at an early stage of structural transformation stimulate economic development. We study the Construction of Third Front (TF), a massive yet short-lived industrialization campaign in China's under-developed hinterland. Motivated by defense considerations, location choices of TF projects followed a peculiar set of criteria, which generates plausibly exogenous variation in manufacturing capacity before market reforms ...
• Regular Does trade cause detrimental specialization in developing economies? Evidence from countries south of the Suez Canal AI翻译
  作者：Gerritse, Michiel
  作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam
  摘要：When opening up to trade, countries specialize according to their comparative advantage. However, developing countries are often disadvantaged in production that requires contract enforcement or other institutions. Such specialization could be detrimental, as it might eliminate the demand for property rights in developing countries. I examine the development of product trade patterns in East-African countries that suffered longer trade routes during the war-induced closure of the Suez Canal (F...
• Information, technology, and market rewards: Incentivizing aflatoxin control in Ghana AI翻译
  作者：Magnan, Nicholas; Hoffmann, Vivian; Opoku, Nelson; Garrido, Gissele Gajate; Kanyam, Daniel Akwasi
  作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); University for Development Studies
  摘要：The quality of agricultural products can affect both farm incomes and the healthfulness of farm families' diets. However, many quality attributes are hard to observe, making it difficult for farmers to learn how to improve the quality of their crops. Lack of premium pass-through and the cost of quality-enhancing inputs are additional bafflers to improving output quality. In this paper, we examine the relative importance of each of these bafflers to smallholder adoption of technologies for redu...
• Say it like Goethe: Language learning facilities abroad and the self-selection of immigrants AI翻译
  作者：Jaschke, Philipp; Keita, Sekou
  摘要：Moving to rich countries usually results in substantial increases in income for migrants. However, high migration costs entail that only selected groups of potential migrants actually migrate. The availability of language learning facilities in a country could reduce costs of acquiring destination-specific skills and influence the self-selection of migrants. We combine survey data from immigrant cohorts between 2000 and 2014 with data on the country-year specific presence of Goethe Institutes ...
• Stepping up during a crisis: The unintended effects of a noncontributory pension program during the Covid-19 pandemic* AI翻译
  作者：Bottan, Nicolas; Hoffmann, Bridget; Vera-Cossio, Diego A.
  作者单位：Cornell University; Inter-American Development Bank
  摘要：We use a regression discontinuity design to study the impacts of a noncontributory pension program covering one-third of Bolivian households during the COVID-19 pandemic. Becoming eligible for the program during the crisis increased the probability that households had a week?s worth of food stocked by 25% and decreased the probability of going hungry by 40%. Although the program was not designed to provide emergency assistance, it provided unintended positive impacts during the crisis. The pro...
• Distance, trade, and income - The 1967 to 1975 closing of the Suez canal as a natural experiment AI翻译
  作者：Feyrer, James
  作者单位：Dartmouth College
  摘要：This paper exploits a temporary shock to distance, the closing of the Suez canal in 1967 and its reopening in 1975, to examine the effect of distance on trade and the effect of trade on income. Time series variation in sea distance allows for the inclusion of pair effects which account for static differences in tastes and culture between countries. Distance is found to have a significant impact on trade with an elasticity that is about half as large as estimates from typical cross sectional es...
• Regular Divorce laws and intimate partner violence: Evidence from Mexico* AI翻译
  作者：Garcia-Ramos, Aixa
  作者单位：University of Passau
  摘要：This paper examines whether divorce laws affect intimate partner violence (IPV) in the context of a developing country. Exploiting the state-level variation in the timing of the introduction of unilateral and no-fault divorce in Mexico, I estimate the causal effect of easier access to divorce on male-to-female IPV. The results show that IPV does not change in the short term, whereas it increases by 3.7 percentage points in the long term. These results are driven by women who remain married aft...
• Public health insurance and pharmaceutical innovation: Evidence from China AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Xuan; Nie, Huihua
  作者单位：Singapore Management University; Renmin University of China
  摘要：Developing countries are characterized by low levels of pharmaceutical innovation. A likely reason is their small market size, which is not because of the population size but because of low levels of income and lack of health insurance coverage. This study exploits a natural experiment from the implementation of a public health insurance program for rural residents in China (New Cooperative Medical Scheme [NCMS]) to examine whether the pharmaceutical industry increases innovation regarding dis...
• Income inequality under colonial rule. Evidence from French Algeria, Cameroon, Tunisia, and Vietnam and comparisons with British colonies 1920-1960k AI翻译
  作者：Alvaredo, Facundo; Cogneau, Denis; Piketty, Thomas
  作者单位：Paris School of Economics; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Paris School of Economics; Paris School of Economics
  摘要：We assess income inequality across French and British colonial empires between 1920 and 1960, exploiting for the first time income tax tabulations. As measured by top income shares, inequality was high in colonies. Europeans comprised the bulk of top income earners, and only a minority of autochthons could compete incomewise. Top income shares were no higher in settlement colonies, those territories were wealthier and the average European settler was less rich than the average expatriate. Ineq...
• How does delegating decisions to communities affect the provision and use of a public service? Evidence from a field experiment in Bangladesh* AI翻译
  作者：Madajewicz, Malgosia; Tompsett, Anna; Habib, Md. Ahasan
  作者单位：Columbia University; Stockholm University; Royal Institute of Technology
  摘要：Most development practitioners would list engaging communities in the provision of public services among best practices for improving access. However, whether community participation enhances provision and use of public services relative to a non-participatory approach is largely unknown because few studies compare impacts when the same public service intervention is implemented with and without community participation. This field experiment compares three approaches to providing safe water in...