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作者：Fay, Marianne; Martimort, David; Straub, Stephane
作者单位：The World Bank; Paris School of Economics; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：Attracting private financing is high on the agenda of policy makers concerned with closing the infrastructure gap in developing countries. To date, however, private finance represents a minor share of overall infrastructure financing and the poorest countries struggle to attract any private investors. This paper develops a model that rationalizes these facts. We characterize the structure of financial and regulatory infrastructure contracts and derive conditions under which public and private ...
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作者：Li, Bing; Liu, Chang; Sun, Stephen Teng
作者单位：Sun Yat Sen University; Renmin University of China; City University of Hong Kong
摘要：Recent years have seen a sustained decline in the labor share around the world. This paper studies this trend by focusing on the effect of corporate income taxes on firm-level labor shares. From 2010 to 2013, the Chinese central government cut the corporate income tax rate in 21 cities for service firms whose revenue from outsourcing services offshore surpassed half of their total revenue. Leveraging a regression discontinuity design with proprietary administrative data, we find that a one per...
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作者：MacPherson, Claire; Sterck, Olivier
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：Assistance to refugees is shifting from a humanitarian model, which focuses on protection, emergency relief, and shelter, to a development model promoting refugee self-reliance through income-generating activities, market development, and cash transfers. Evidence on the effects of this paradigm shift is limited. Exploiting a regression discontinuity design, this paper tests whether the adoption of a development approach to refugee assistance in a new settlement in Kenya has a positive impact. ...
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作者：Barrows, Geoffrey; Ollivier, Helene
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; ENSAE Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Paris School of Economics
摘要：Over the past few decades, wealthy countries have relied increasingly on imports from developing countries, prompting concerns regarding the environmental effects of trade. Increased import demand in wealthy countries certainly increases export flows from developing countries, but emissions need not scale 1 for 1 with exports if domestic sales or emission intensity adjust endogenously to foreign demand. In this paper, we exploit detailed product-line information on production and emissions for...
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作者：Shamdasani, Yogita
作者单位：National University of Singapore
摘要：A large share of the world's poor live in remote regions, where high costs associated with limited connectivity constrain economic activity. This paper estimates the effects of improvements in infrastructure under a large rural road-building program on production decisions in agriculture. Remote households that gain access to program roads diversify their crop portfolio, adopt modern agricultural technologies and increase hired labor use. Supporting evidence suggests that program roads increas...
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作者：Tumen, Semih
作者单位：Ted University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Existing evidence suggests that low-skilled refugee influx may increase educational attainment among native adolescents due to reduced opportunities and returns in the lower segment of the labor market. In this paper, I test whether refugee influx can also increase the intensity of human capital accumulation among native adolescents who are enrolled in school. Using the PISA micro data and implementing a quasi-experimental empirical strategy designed to exploit (i) the time variation in region...
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作者：Gibson, John; Olivia, Susan; Boe-Gibson, Geua; Li, Chao
作者单位：University of Waikato
摘要：Popular DMSP night lights data are flawed by blurring, top-coding, and lack of calibration. Yet newer and better VIIRS data are rarely used in economics. We compare these two data sources for predicting GDP, especially at the second subnational level, for Indonesia, China and South Africa. The DMSP data are a poor proxy for GDP outside of cities. The gap in predictive performance between DMSP data and VIIRS data is especially apparent at lower levels of the spatial hierarchy, such as for count...
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作者：Anti, Sebastian
作者单位：Bryn Mawr College
摘要：Large-scale Land Acquisitions (LSLAs), often labeled land grabs, are long-term leases of land obtained by private companies. I merge data on the precise locations of 236 LSLAs in Cambodia established between 1996 and 2012 with newly geocoded data from the Cambodian Socio-Economic Surveys to estimate the effects of LSLAs on employment, household spending, and agricultural investment. I find that LSLAs cause a shift away from independent agricultural production towards employment in agricultural...
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作者：Hess, Simon; Jaimovich, Dany; Schuendeln, Matthias
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; Universidad de Talca
摘要：Environmental effects of development programs are the subject of an ongoing debate. We contribute to this debate by studying effects of a randomly allocated, nationwide development program in The Gambia on deforestation, focusing on parts of the country with meaningful baseline forest cover. Our main finding is that the program caused significant increases in annual forest loss. Conservative benchmark estimates imply that 5.6% of all forest loss occurring within 1km of treatment villages durin...
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作者：Sadish, D.; Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Nyshadham, Anant
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Dispelling misinformation during crises is critical to public health. But information can also induce distress. We ask whether the mode of information delivery affects mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. We randomized Indian migrant workers to receive Covid-19-related information through text messages, a pre-recorded audio message, or live phone calls. Phone calls increased knowledge among individuals without smartphones and reduced depression and anxiety overall. The amount of informa...
