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作者：Mazur, Karol
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School (PKU Shenzhen)
摘要：Irrigation provides insurance against aggregate weather shocks, which can interact with other institutions functioning in village communities. I study this relationship in a model of joint co-operation over irrigation and risk sharing under limited commitment. The model dynamics show that if access to irrigation can be regulated by villagers, the two institutions reinforce each other. However, non-excludable irrigation crowds out risk sharing (as is the case with government-managed irrigation)...
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作者：Jaime, Marcela; Salazar, Cesar; Alpizar, Francisco; Carlsson, Fredrik
作者单位：Universidad de Concepcion; Universidad del Bio-Bio; Wageningen University & Research; University of Gothenburg; University of Gothenburg
摘要：We evaluate the direct and indirect effects of an environmental educational program with value-laded content on children's and parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the consumption and disposal of plastics.We do this using a randomized field experiment targeting fourth-grade children in Chile.The educational program had a sizeable and a positive impact on children' knowledge, attitudes, and practices, but no effect on parents' behavior.Heterogeneous effects indicate that the pr...
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作者：Abay, Kibrom A.; Barrett, Christopher B.; Kilic, Talip; Moylan, Heather; Ilukor, John; Vundru, Wilbert Drazi
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Cornell University; The World Bank
摘要：This paper reports on a randomized experiment conducted among Malawian agricultural households to study nonclassical measurement error (NCME) in self-reported plot area, and farmers' responses to new information - the objective plot area measure - subsequently provided to them. Farmers' pre-treatment self-reported plot areas exhibit considerable NCME. Most of the measurement error follows a regression-to-mean pattern with respect to plot area, and another 18 percent arises from asymmetric roun...
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作者：Gao, Xuwen; Song, Ran; Timmins, Christopher
作者单位：Zhejiang University; National University of Singapore; Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using a variant of the Rosen-Roback model of inter-city migration that incorporates public access to air quality information, we demonstrate that information constraints create a wedge between revealed and true hedonic prices for pollution that depends upon individuals' perception biases. We empirically test our theoretical pre-dictions by leveraging the unexpected disclosure of PM2.5 data in China. We find that migration decisions become much more responsive to pollution and that the hedonic ...
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作者：Glazerman, Steven; Grepin, Karen A.; Mueller, Valerie; Rosenbaum, Michael; Wu, Nicole
作者单位：Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA); University of Hong Kong; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：Random digit dial surveys with mobile phones risk under-representation of women. To address this, we compare the characteristics of women recruited directly with those of women recruited through referrals from male household members. The referral process improves representation of vulnerable groups, such as young women, the asset poor, and those living in areas with low connectivity. Among mobile phone users, we show a referral (rather than a direct dial) protocol includes more nationally repr...
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作者：Andre, Pierre; Dupraz, Yannick
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite
摘要：Has secular education contributed to the decline of polygamy in Africa? To answer this question, we study a wave of public school construction in late-colonial Cameroon. Our difference-in-differences and event-study specifications show that school openings have simultaneously increased education and the chances to be in a polygamous union for men and, more surprisingly, for women. We estimate a structural model of marriage to explain why education made women more likely to be in a polygamous u...
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作者：Sharafi, Zahra
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：Perseverance, known as provision and continuation of effort, is a decisive factor in the accomplishment of all goals. Poverty, however, can impair this crucial skill. In this paper, I analyze the causal effect of poverty on perseverance in an education context with adolescents in Iran. Using a difference-in-differences design to manipulate perceptions of own scarcities and deprivations, I measure adolescents' perseverance while they complete a real-effort task. Results reveal a large and signi...
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作者：Aiken, Emily L.; Bedoya, Guadalupe; Blumenstock, Joshua E.; Coville, Aidan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; The World Bank
摘要：Can mobile phone data improve program targeting? By combining rich survey data from a big pushantipoverty program in Afghanistan with detailed mobile phone logs from program beneficiaries, we study the extent to which machine learning methods can accurately differentiate ultra-poor households eligible for program benefits from ineligible households. We show that machine learning methods leveraging mobile phone data can identify ultra-poor households nearly as accurately as survey-based measure...
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作者：Follett, Lendie; Henderson, Heath
作者单位：Drake University; Drake University
摘要：Proxy means testing (PMT) and community-based targeting (CBT) are two of the leading methods for targeting social assistance in developing countries. We present a hybrid targeting method that incorporates CBT's emphasis on local information and preferences with PMT's reliance on verifiable indicators. Specifically, we outline a Bayesian framework for targeting that resembles PMT in that beneficiary selection is based on a weighted sum of sociodemographic characteristics, but we instead propose...
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作者：Bah, Tijan L.; Batista, Catia; Gubert, Flore; Mckenzie, David
作者单位：Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); The World Bank
摘要：Irregular migration from West Africa to Europe across the Sahara and Mediterranean is extremely risky for migrants and a key policy concern. A cluster-randomized experiment with 3641 young men from 391 settlements in The Gambia is used to test three approaches to reducing risky migration: providing better information and testimonials about the risks of the journey, facilitating migration to a safer destination by providing information and assistance for migration to Dakar, and offering vocatio...
