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作者：Seidel, Andre
作者单位：Western Norway University of Applied Sciences
摘要：I analyze the effects of ethnic divisions on the provision of public goods in countries throughout the world. Using OpenStreetMap data, I construct a new, global dataset that pinpoints locations of public amenities, such as schools, hospitals, and libraries. I devise two new proxies to address the variability in the completeness of such data. I find that more autonomous subnational regions with a high degree of ethnic fractionalization provide significantly fewer productive public goods. There...
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作者：Gassebner, Martin; Schaudt, Paul; Wong, Melvin H. L.
作者单位：Leibniz University Hannover; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Bern
摘要：We show that the proliferation of armed groups increases the amount of organized political violence. The natural death of a tribal leader provides quasi-experimental variation in the number of armed groups across districts in Pakistan. Employing event study designs and IV-regressions allows us to isolate the effect of the number of armed groups on political violence from locational fundamentals of conflict, e.g., local financing and recruiting opportunities or government capacity. In line with...
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作者：Hasanain, Syed Ali; Khan, Muhammad Yasir; Rezaee, Arman
作者单位：Lahore University of Management Sciences; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：We implement a platform to crowdsource information about service provision quality and prices charged and reveal this information to consumers in a market - artificial insemination of livestock in Punjab, Pakistan - where individual signals of quality are noisy. We measure the impact of this information revelation using a randomized controlled trial. Farmers receiving information enjoy 25% higher insemination success and no higher prices than controls. These effects are due to existing veterin...
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作者：Akgunduz, Yusuf Emre; Bagir, Yusuf Kenan; Cilasun, Seyit Mumin; Kirdar, Murat Guray
作者单位：Sabanci University; Ted University; Bogazici University
摘要：This study combines an administrative dataset of the full population of Turkish firms and the setting of the sudden mass migration of Syrian refugees to Turkiye to identify the effect of migrants on firm performance and market structure. As a result of the migrant shock, existing firms expand and become more efficient in generating sales from assets, and new firms are established. There is suggestive evidence that market concentration shows less concentration, implying more competition. Quanti...
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作者：Rakshit, Sonali; Sahoo, Soham
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Indian Institute of Management (IIM System); Indian Institute of Management Bangalore; Indian Institute of Management (IIM System); Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
摘要：We investigate the effect of stereotypical beliefs of teachers on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes of secondary school students in two states of India. We measure teacher's bias through an index capturing teacher's subjective beliefs about the role of gender in academic performance. We tackle the potential endogeneity of teacher's subjective beliefs by controlling for teacher fixed effects in a value-added model that includes lagged test scores of students. We find that a standard deviatio...
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作者：Gallea, Quentin
作者单位：University of Lausanne
摘要：Despite the fact that weapons are necessary for conflicts, it remains unclear if weapons availability itself causes conflict. I use historical links between arms exporters and importers, and shocks to conflict engagement of the exporters, to instrument the volume of arms imports. The 2SLS estimates reveal that arms imports in Africa increase the likelihood of internal conflict, in particular one-sided violence, the number of fighter and civilian deaths, as well as the number of refugees fleein...
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作者：Corradini, Viola; Buccione, Giulia
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Brown University
摘要：We investigate whether the introduction of the right to unilateral, no-fault, divorce for women has an impact on domestic abuse, investments in children's human capital, women's labor force participation, and other proxies of women's agency in the context of the Egyptian Khul reform of 2000. We employ a difference in differences design, comparing mothers of children older than the age cutoffs used to assign the children's custody to the mother, to mothers of younger children, before and after ...
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作者：Chiplunkar, Gaurav; Weaver, Jeffrey
摘要：Dowry payments are common in many marriage markets. This paper uses data on over 74,000 marriages in rural India over the last century to explain why the institution of dowry emerges and how it evolves over time. We find that the proportion of Indian marriages including dowry payments doubled between 1930 and 1975, and the average real value of payments tripled. We empirically test whether four prominent theories of dowry can explain this rise, and find support for only one: increased differen...
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作者：Chand, Satish; Clemens, Michael A.
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; Australian National University; George Mason University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Groups historically subject to discrimination, such as Jews, could exhibit high investment in education because discrimination spurred emigration-and emigration was facilitated by skill. If emigration is uncertain, the skill investment induced by discrimination could more-than-offset the mechanical reduction in skill stocks at the origin. That is, in theory, the exit option could raise skills at the origin net of departures. Tests of these theories are rare. We examine a natural quasi-experime...
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作者：Almas, Ingvild; Bold, Tessa; von Carnap, Tillmann; Ghisolfi, Selene; Sandefur, Justin
作者单位：Stockholm University; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Bocconi University
摘要：The COVID-19 pandemic led governments around the world to impose unprecedented restrictions on economic activity. Were these restrictions equally justified in poorer countries with fewer demographic risk factors and less ability to weather economic shocks? We develop and estimate a fully specified model of the macroeconomy with epidemiological dynamics, incorporating subsistence constraints in consumption and allowing preferences over lives versus livelihoodsto vary with income. Poorer countri...
