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作者：Cust, James; Harding, Torfinn; Krings, Hanna; Rivera-Ballesteros, Alexis
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Oxford; Universitetet i Stavanger; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); RWTH Aachen University
摘要：Petroleum companies look for oil and gas in some of the most remote and biodiverse forested areas on the planet. To study how local environmental footprints vary across countries and companies, we combine global company-level geo-coded data on oil drilling with high resolution data on forest loss. We find that oil wells drilled in countries with better public governance, measured by democracy scores, are associated with substantially lower forest loss in the period after drilling. In contrast,...
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作者：Feng, Ying; Ren, Jie
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Central University of Finance & Economics
摘要：Financial frictions adversely affect productivity by discouraging entrepreneurship, which is often measured by the self-employed. This paper distinguishes different types of self-employment when studying this question. Using micro data for 77 countries from all income levels, we show that employers' labor shares are increasing with GDP per capita, whereas own-account employment (self-employed without employees) is decreasing. We also find almost universally negative selection on education into...
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作者：Abate, Gashaw T.; de Brauw, Alan; Hirvonen, Kalle; Wolle, Abdulazize
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY
摘要：The paucity of reliable, timely household consumption data in many low- and middle-income countries have made it difficult to assess how global poverty has evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. Standard poverty measurement requires collecting household consumption data, which is rarely collected by phone. To test the feasibility of collecting consumption data over the phone, we conducted a survey experiment in urban Ethiopia, randomly assigning households to either phone or in-person interview...
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作者：Sha, Wenbiao
作者单位：Sun Yat Sen University
摘要：I study the political consequences of state expropriation of agricultural land in rural China by using national individual-level panel data for the period 2010-2018. Comparing outcomes before and after expropriation with changes among individuals not experiencing expropriation, I find that having one's land expropriated decreases individuals' trust towards local government officials, and increases the incidence of having conflicts with local government officials. I also provide evidence that t...
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作者：Berazneva, Julia; Maertens, Annemie; Mhango, Wezi; Michelson, Hope
作者单位：Middlebury College; University of Sussex; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：We examine the relationship between soil heterogeneity and investment in learning among farmers in Malawi using an experimental approach. Soil heterogeneity may both impede social learning and encourage experimentation. In our experiment, farmers contribute towards the purchase of a single soil test in the village in a threshold public goods game. This soil test provides farmers with valuable and actionable information. By randomly varying the plot selected for soil testing we establish the ro...
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作者：Harris, J. Andrew; van der Windt, Peter
作者单位：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi
摘要：Women's empowerment interventions are an important component of many development programs; surveys are a popular tool to measure how such programs affect gender-related attitudes. We consider how differences in gender response bias between the treatment and control groups complicate the use of attitudinal questions to evaluate women's empowerment interventions. We examine data from two experiments: a randomized development program aimed to empower women in 1,250 Congolese villages and a follow...
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作者：Choudhury, Prithwiraj; Ganguli, Ina; Gaule, Patrick
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Bristol
摘要：We study migration in the right tail of the talent distribution using a novel dataset of Indian high school students taking the Joint Entrance Exam (JEE), a college entrance exam used for admission to the prestigious Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT). We find a high incidence of migration after students complete college: among the top 1000 scorers on the exam, 36% have migrated abroad, rising to 62% for the top 100 scorers. We next document that students who attended the original Top 5 IIT...
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作者：Cardim, Joana; Molina-Millan, Teresa; Vicente, Pedro C.
作者单位：Universitat d'Alacant; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Universidade Nova de Lisboa
摘要：Primary school coverage has been increasing in most developing countries. Yet, it has not been accompanied by significant improvements in learning indicators. We implemented a randomized experiment in Angola around the introduction of ProFuturo, a worldwide educational program. The program includes a Computer-assisted Learning (CAL) software directed at improving the regular classroom experience. One year after the program started, we find higher familiarity with technology. Teachers miss fewe...
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作者：Hillebrecht, Michael; Klonner, Stefan; Pacere, Noraogo A.
作者单位：Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
摘要：Several recent papers have compared the ability of proxy-means testing (PMT) and community-based targeting (CBT) to identify consumption-poor households. Motivated by the facts that targeted benefits typically reach beneficiaries with a substantial time lag and that transitions into and out of poverty are frequent, we assess PMT's and CBT's performance during the years following the targeting exercise. With original data from Burkina Faso, we replicate the finding that PMT outperforms CBT at b...
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作者：Narciso, Gaia; Severgnini, Battista
作者单位：Trinity College Dublin; Copenhagen Business School
摘要：This paper analyzes the triggers of rebellion and documents the historical roots of conflict using a unique dataset at the individual level. Drawing on evidence from the Famine (1845-1850) and its effect on the Irish Revolution (1916-1921), we show how negative shocks can explain social unrest in the long run. These findings are confirmed by the analysis of surnames, which enables the study of socio-cultural persistence over time. The instrumental variable analysis based on the wind direction ...
