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作者：Cui, Chuantao; Shao-Zhi, Leona
作者单位：Beijing Normal University; University of Macau; University of Macau
摘要：This study offers novel evidence that reduced trade policy uncertainty (TPU) in the destination market promotes domestic entrepreneurial activities in a large developing economy. Exploiting China's WTO accession as a quasi-natural experiment, we find that Chinese manufacturing industries with greater TPU reduction are associated with relative increases in the new firm entry rate. The TPU effect is more pronounced in industries with lower entry barriers or larger irreversible investments. In ad...
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作者：De La, Ana L.; Fernandez-Vazquez, Pablo; Garcia, Fernando Martel
作者单位：Yale University; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Microsoft
摘要：Government audits usually have a broad mandate to monitor compliance with program rules. We conducted a field experiment in collaboration with Mexico's Superior Auditor of the Federation to investigate if federal or state audits increase municipal compliance with the allocation, reporting, and transparency rules of an intergovernmental grant to improve local infrastructure. We randomly assigned 85 municipalities to be audited by a federal auditor, a state one, or a control group. We find that ...
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作者：Angelucci, Manuela; Heath, Rachel; Noble, Eva
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：We study the impact of a multifaceted program for ultra-poor women in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. We cross-randomized the primary treatment - a holistic set of services and financial support - with a 16-week men's engagement program (MEP) for spouses and male household members. The core treatment has large effects on consumption, employment and finances, women's empowerment, and health, with most effects still significant two years after the program start. We find heterogeneous effec...
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作者：Wang, Wenya; Yang, Ei
作者单位：Shanghai University of Finance & Economics
摘要：This paper studies how distortions alter firms' product decisions. Using two firm-level datasets in China, we find (i) that multi-product (MP) firms are fewer and smaller in China than in the United States and (ii) that the MP probability of a firm is negatively associated with the level of distortion. We build discrete product choices into a heterogeneous firm model a la Melitz (2003) with entry and exit. Firms are subject to a size-dependent distortion that increases in firm-level productivi...
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作者：Marcos, Miguel Angel Talamas
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：This paper estimates the effect of childcare availability on parents' employment probability using the timing of the grandmothers' death - the primary childcare provider in Mexico - as identifying variation. I use a triple-difference to disentangle the effect of coinhabiting grandmothers' deaths due to their impact on childcare from their effects due to alternative mechanisms. Through their impact on childcare availability, grandmothers' deaths reduce mothers' employment rate by 12 percentage ...
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作者：Alan, Sule; Kubilay, Elif
作者单位：European University Institute; University of Essex; European University Institute
摘要：We provide causal evidence on how impersonal trust and reciprocity create prosperity and shape its distribution. For this, we leverage a large-scale randomized educational intervention that boosts trust and reciprocity in children. We show that in a world where individuals trust anonymous others, prosperity grows but so does inequality. While impersonal trust unambiguously creates wealth, redistribution is needed to tame the inequality it brings. Our results suggest that harnessing prosocial p...
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作者：Marein, Brian
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：This paper examines the role of public health in reducing mortality prior to modern medicine by studying Puerto Rico in the early 20th century. From 1930 to 1960, Puerto Rico experienced one of the fastest increases in life expectancy in history and completed the first mortality transition outside of Europe and Western offshoots. Using municipal-level data in an event study framework, I show that public health units (county health departments) caused around half of the reduction in infant and ...
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作者：Escobar, Maria A.; Tobon, Santiago; Vanegas-Arias, Martin
作者单位：Universidad EAFIT
摘要：We study criminal skills production and persistence by looking at the universe of incarceration spells and violent and non-violent property crime reports in Colombia. Leveraging detailed and geo-coded information, we find that property crime reports are higher around prisons on the days inmates are released. Two types of offenders drive the impacts: (i) property crime specialists-inmates with a prior conviction for violent or non-violent theft; and (ii) trainees-inmates with different criminal...
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作者：Vivalt, Eva; Coville, Aidan
作者单位：University of Toronto; The World Bank
摘要：We present results from experiments run in collaboration with the World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank on how policymakers, policy practitioners, and researchers update their beliefs in response to results from academic studies. Initially, policymakers both believe development programs will have more positive results and are more certain about it than policy practitioners and researchers, despite reporting less familiarity with the programs. When participants are presented with the r...
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作者：Allakulov, Umrbek; Cocciolo, Serena; Das, Binayak; Habib, Md Ahasan; Rambjer, Lovisa; Tompsett, Anna
作者单位：The World Bank; Royal Institute of Technology; Uppsala University; Stockholm University; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics
摘要：Can transparency interventions improve WASH service provision? We use a randomized experiment to evaluate the impacts of a transparency intervention, a deliberative multi-stakeholder workshop initiated with a community scorecard exercise, in schools in rural Bangladesh. To measure impacts, we combine survey data, direct observations, and administrative data. The intervention leads to moderate but consistent improvements in knowledge of WASH standards and practices, and institutions for WASH se...
