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作者：Kumar, Alok
作者单位：University of Victoria
摘要：Developing countries are characterized by underdeveloped financial markets and a large share of informal sector in economic activity. Evidence suggests that countries with less developed financial sector have lower government spending multipliers. This paper quantifies government spending multipliers in India using an estimated new-Keynesian DSGE model with two types of entrepreneurs: formal and informal and imperfect financial market. In the model, informal entrepreneurs are financially-exclu...
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作者：Fang, Hanming; Lei, Ziteng; Lin, Liguo; Zhang, Peng; Zhou, Maigeng
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Renmin University of China; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Mental health problems among the elderly have attracted increasing attention. The most serious mental health problems may result in suicide, and lack of family companionship is often speculated to be a major cause. In this paper, we use high-frequency suicide rate data and utilize a novel temporal variation in the lunisolar calendar to provide evidence on the protective effects of the Chinese Lunar New Year (when the elderly people receive unusually high level of family companionship) on elder...
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作者：Nian, Yongwei
作者单位：Bocconi University
摘要：I test the role of economic incentives and command and control in reducing agricultural fires, a major source of air pollution in most rural regions across the world caused by burning crop residues after harvest. To tackle data shortage, I use high-resolution satellite data to construct a fine measure of agricultural fires as well as other geographic characteristics at 1 km x 1 km resolution for China. Using the staggered arrival of biomass power plants, which purchase crop residues as product...
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作者：Pellicer, Miquel; Ranchhod, Vimal
作者单位：Philipps University Marburg; University of Cape Town; University of Cape Town
摘要：The apartheid era began in 1948 in South Africa, and was implemented by passing several racially discrim-inatory laws. Most of the key legislative changes were introduced between 1949 and 1953. The cornerstone of this racially stratified legal system was the Population Registration Act of 1950, which required that all South Africans needed to be registered and assigned to an official racial category. We study the effect of racial classification in the context of these legislative reforms, by e...
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作者：Dervisevic, Ervin; Goldstein, Markus
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：The accurate estimation of agricultural employment and labor productivity are crucial in understanding opportunities for improvements in productivity and economic growth in developing countries. Available labor statistics mostly come from surveys in developing countries, which mostly rely on one person providing information about all household members. However, there are only a few empirical studies that provide a framework for understanding the potential advantages and disadvantages of using ...
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作者：Battistin, Erich; De Nadai, Michele; Krishnan, Nandini
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Milan; The World Bank
摘要：While household well-being derives from long-term average rates of consumption, welfare estimates rely on shorter-duration survey measurements. We develop a strategy to identify the distribution of these long-term rates by leveraging a large-scale randomization that elicited repeated short-duration measurements from diaries and recall questions. Identification stems from diary-recall differences in reports from the same household, does not require reports to be error-free, and hinges on a rese...
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作者：Kresch, Evan Plous; Walker, Mark; Best, Michael Carlos; Gerard, Francois; Naritomi, Joana
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Oberlin College; Columbia University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper investigates the role that sanitation plays in upholding the social contract, whereby citizens pay taxes in exchange for governments providing goods and services. We study the case of Manaus, Brazil, where sewer connections vary considerably across the city and property taxes are calculated in a presumptive manner that does not account for a household's access to sanitation. We find that households with access to the city sewer system are significantly more likely to pay their prope...
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作者：Bossavie, Laurent; Cho, Yoonyoung; Heath, Rachel
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：After the tragic factory collapse of Rana Plaza in 2013, both the direct reforms and indirect responses of retailers have plausibly affected workers in the Ready Made Garment (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. These responses included a minimum wage increase, high profile but voluntary audits, and an increased reluctance to subcontract to smaller factories. This paper estimates the net impact of these responses using six rounds of the Labor Force Survey and a triple difference approach that compares ...
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作者：Campos, Francisco; Goldstein, Markus; McKenzie, David
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Governments seek to reduce pervasive firm informality for multiple reasons: taxes, firm growth, rule of law, and information. We conducted a randomized experiment in Malawi to test three alternatives to achieving these goals: a) helping firms obtain a business registration certificate that offers formal market access but imposes no tax obligations; b) helping firms obtain both business and tax registration; and c) supplementing business registration with a bank information session. We find inc...
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作者：Cantelmo, Alessandro; Melina, Giovanni; Papageorgiou, Chris
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; International Monetary Fund
摘要：Using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, we study the channels through which natural disaster shocks affect macroeconomic outcomes and welfare in disaster-prone countries. We solve the model using Taylor projection, a solution method that is shown to deal effectively with high-impact weather shocks calibrated in accordance to empirical evidence. We find large and persistent effects of weather shocks that significantly impact the income convergence path of disaster-prone countries....
