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作者：Cao, Jing; Ma, Rong
作者单位：Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; China Agricultural University
摘要：This paper examines the effects of biomass power plants (BPPs) on farmers' use of agricultural fires for land clearance in China from 2001 to 2019. We show that the entry of BPPs leads to a significant reduction of agricultural fires by 14%. Farmers near BPPs display stronger responses, leading to a more significant reduction in straw burning, especially during high agricultural fire seasons. The notable decline in agricultural fires is likely driven by economic incentives provided by BPPs to ...
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作者：Crawfurd, Lee; Evans, David K.; Hares, Susannah; Sandefur, Justin
作者单位：Center for Global Development - Europe
摘要：Education systems regularly face unexpected school closures, whether due to disease outbreaks, natural disasters, or other adverse shocks. In low-income countries where internet access is scarce, distance learning - the most common educational solution - is often passive, via TV or radio, with little opportunity for teacher- student interaction. In this paper we evaluate the effectiveness of live tutoring calls from teachers, designed to supplement radio instruction during the 2020 school clos...
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作者：Elsayed, Ahmed; Shirshikova, Alina
作者单位：Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); American University Cairo; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Maastricht University
摘要：We examine the effects of the large-scale construction of public universities in Egypt during the 1960s and 1970s. We found that opening a local university increased the likelihood of obtaining higher education degrees and had long-lasting positive effects on labor market and marriage outcomes, particularly for women. We give insights on internal migration as a channel and show that migration prior to university enrollment age decreased while migration after that age increased as an outcome of...
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作者：Fredriksson, Per G.; Gupta, Satyendra Kumar
作者单位：University of Louisville; Delhi School of Economics; University of Delhi
摘要：This paper proposes that ancestral irrigation is associated with lower levels of contemporary female labor force participation. We test and provide support for this novel hypothesis using an exogenous measure of irrigation and cross-country data, data from the World Values Survey, the Afrobarometer, and the Asian Barometer. To explore a possible mechanism and cultural persistence, we use the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample, the European Social Survey, and the American Community Survey. The gend...
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作者：Augsburg, Britta; Malde, Bansi; Olorenshaw, Harriet; Wahhaj, Zaki
作者单位：University of Kent
摘要：We exploit novel data collected within a randomized controlled trial of a sanitation microcredit intervention to study how intra-household gender differences in perceptions of costs and benefits of sanitation impact investment decisions. We show that - as long as the wife is involved in household decision-making - the intra-household differences in perceptions we document influence borrowing and investments: uptake of the sanitation loan is higher among households where the wife has higher ben...
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作者：Corno, Lucia; Voena, Alessandra
作者单位：Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Stanford University
摘要：This paper investigates the relationship between child marriage and economic incentives in a setting where the bride price - a transfer from the groom to the bride's parents at marriage - is customary. First, we develop a dynamic model in which households are exposed to income volatility and have no access to credit markets. If a daughter marries, her household obtains a bride price. In this framework, girls may have a higher probability of marrying early when their parents have a higher margi...
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作者：Fishman, Ram; Gine, Xavier; Jacoby, Hanan G.
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; The World Bank
摘要：Widespread adoption of efficient irrigation technologies, including drip irrigation, has been proposed to limit groundwater over-exploitation, especially in water-stressed South Asia. This paper evaluates the potential productivity and water-saving benefits of smallholder drip irrigation by conducting a randomized control trial in Andhra Pradesh, India. A group of well-owners was offered a subsidy to adopt drip irrigation, while a comparable group acted as controls. After three years, the drip...
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作者：Assouad, Lydia
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：I combine household surveys, national accounts and unique personal income tax records to produce the first estimates of the national income distribution in an Arab country, Lebanon. I find that income is extremely concentrated over the 2005-2014 period: The top 1 and 10 percent of the adult population received almost 25 and 55 percent of national income on average, placing Lebanon among the countries with the highest levels of income inequality in the world. These results challenge a long last...
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作者：Soldani, Emilia; Hildebrandt, Nicole; Nyarko, Yaw; Romagnoli, Giorgia
作者单位：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; Boston Consulting Group (BCG); New York University; University of Amsterdam
摘要：Through a randomized experiment and detailed data on inter-village communication, we identify the impact of providing commodity price information to smallholder farmers. For yam, a crop with high prevalence of bargaining, the intervention leads to a 9% increase in the prices received by farmers in the treatment group in the first year and possibly to mixed indirect effects in the second year in areas with high density of treatment. While control farmers do not gain price information, we specul...
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作者：Lim, Sokchea; Morshed, A. K. M. Mahbub; Turnovsky, Stephen J.
作者单位：University System of Ohio; John Carroll University; Southern Illinois University System; Southern Illinois University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：This paper develops a macrodynamic model of two small economies - a host country and a labor-exporting developing country - to address the impact of migrant workers and remittances on the two economies. It endogenizes the migration decision as part of the intertemporal utility maximization of households in the developing economy. This setup captures the dynamic process of migration, in which evolving circumstances may lead to fundamental differences from those based on treating remittances as ...
