Grandmothers and the gender gap in the Mexican labor market

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Marcos, Miguel Angel Talamas
• 署名单位: Northwestern University
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0304-3878
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.103013
• 发表日期: 2023
• 关键词: Gender gap; Triple-difference; Motherhood penalty; Childcare; Mexico

摘要

This paper estimates the effect of childcare availability on parents' employment probability using the timing of the grandmothers' death - the primary childcare provider in Mexico - as identifying variation. I use a triple-difference to disentangle the effect of coinhabiting grandmothers' deaths due to their impact on childcare from their effects due to alternative mechanisms. Through their impact on childcare availability, grandmothers' deaths reduce mothers' employment rate by 12 percentage points (27 percent) and do not affect fathers' employment rate. The negative effect on mothers' employment is smaller where public daycare is more available, or private daycare or schools are more affordable.