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作者：HAHN, RW
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：There is increasing interest in having the US government create markets in property rights to allocate various resources, such as landing rights and environmental quality. The purpose of this paper is to provide some general guidelines for the more efficient organization of such markets. The analysis examines the problem of devising efficient government markets when there are multiple inputs to the production process subject to different taxes and regulations. It develops some simple rules of ...
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作者：JANEBA, E
摘要：In the presence of international capital mobility, foreign direct investment is influenced by corporate income tax rates and the rules of how taxes paid in the host country are treated at home. In this paper the exemption, credit and deduction methods are considered as tax rules. Tax competition is modeled as a non-cooperative game with respect to both corporate tax rates and the form of double taxation relief. The subgame perfect equilibrium is shown to be independent of the tax rules. Since ...
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作者：NICHELE, V; ROBIN, JM
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：This paper assesses the consequences of two reforms of the French indirect taxation system: a VAT harmonization which is close to initial EC proposals and a carbon tax which aims at decreasing the emissions of carbon dioxide. We simulate the effects of tax reforms using estimates of a model of household expenditure behaviour. Estimation is obtained by using the property of perfect aggregation over households of the Almost Ideal demand system on pooled micro data from the 1978-79, 1984-85, 1989...
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作者：REBITZER, JB; TAYLOR, LJ
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Economists generally agree that the effect of a binding minimum wage law is to move firms backward along the demand curve for low skill workers. However, this prediction of worker displacement depends critically on the assumption that the productivity of firms' labor is not dependent on the wage. In this paper we show that in a conventional efficiency wage model, a minimum wage may increase the level of employment in low wage jobs. The formal logic of our model is similar to the case of labor ...
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作者：VAGSTAD, S
作者单位：University of Bergen
摘要：If a government cares for local firms' profit, but not for foreign firms', foreign firms will be discriminated against when competing for government procurement contracts. Foreign firms will be chosen less often and, when chosen, earn less profit than local firms. We analyze a more central authority's policies against such discrimination given a situation in which a government has private information on product quality, and the competing firms have private information on own costs. Necessary a...
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作者：FABELLA, RV
摘要：This paper shows that the entry of opposition to a transfer which raises overall Tullock outlays is welfare-enhancing when the number of rent-seekers is large. The spending of the opposition exceeds the fall in the combined spending of rent-seekers. Opposition when there is a single rent-seeker or an entrenched beneficiary is never welfare-enhancing. The larger the number of aspirants to a transfer, the smaller is the number of consumers required to render the consumer lobby ineffective when f...
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作者：GROSSKOPF, S; HAYES, K; HIRSCHBERG, J
作者单位：Southern Methodist University; Southern Illinois University System; Southern Illinois University; University of Melbourne
摘要：Faced with increasing crime rates, but nonincreasing budgets, local governments are seeking cost saving means of providing public safety. This paper investigates a bureaucracy's response to fiscal stress as well as its ability to efficiently substitute civilian for uniformed personnel. Exploiting duality theory, a distance function is used to model technology, retrieve information concerning substitutability and shadow prices of personnel, and test for cost minimization. Morishima elasticities...
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作者：POTERBA, JM
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper compares the level and composition of government spending in U.S. states that maintain separate budgets for capital and operating expenditures with that in states that employ unified budgets. It also investigates the effects of pay-as-you-go financing rules for capital projects. The empirical findings suggest that states with separate capital budgets spend more on public capital projects than comparable states with unified budgets. There is no evidence that the presence or absence o...
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作者：DASGUPTA, S; SENGUPTA, K
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside
摘要：The paper analyses the optimal regulation of multinational enterprises (MNEs) by a host government interested in maximizing tax revenues, when the MNE has private information about its benefits of controlling the enterprise. It is shown that the optimal mechanism involves restricting the MNE's ownership of the enterprise, and setting a ceiling on the transfer price of an input that the MNE provides that is above the known production cost of the input. For low realizations of the benefits of co...
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作者：BRITO, DL; HAMILTON, JH; SLUTSKY, SM; STIGLITZ, JE
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Rice University; Stanford University
摘要：The optimal income tax problem is one of many problems in economics for which a randomized allocation may be desirable. For a two-class economy, we characterize optimal random tax schedules and present necessary and sufficient conditions for local randomization either to be Pareto improving or to extend the constrained Pareto frontier. We present another sufficient condition for nonlocal randomization to be Pareto improving, which need not violate ex post or ex ante horizontal equity. Lastly, ...
