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作者：RAJAPOPAL, D; SHAH, A
作者单位：The World Bank; Toronto Metropolitan University
摘要：An intertemporal model of a firm optimizing its expected net present value was used to derive the model's estimating equations, and rental prices of capital services consistent with rational expectations. We analysed the effects of a 10 percent change in two tax incentives. For the chemical and pharmaceutical industries the benefits of the tax credit for physical investment (increased investment) far exceeded its costs (forgone tax revenue). This was also true for the R&D tax allowance for the...
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作者：JOHANNESSON, M
摘要：Broome (Journal of Public Economics, 1993, 50, 149-167) claimed that quality-adjusted life years (Qalys) based on the 'time' method are consistent with individual preferences only if life years are not discounted, and Qalys based on the 'probability' method are consistent with individual preferences only if risk-neutrality over discounted life years holds. This comment shows that the time method is consistent with discounting, if the quality weight is derived in the appropriate way. The time m...
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作者：ZHANG, J
作者单位：University of Windsor; University of Victoria
摘要：This paper examines the effects of social security on the steady-state growth of per capita income in an endogenous growth model in which agents care about their own consumption, the number of children, and the welfare of each child. It shows that an unfunded program may simulate growth by reducing fertility and increasing the ratio of human capital investment per child to per family income when bequests are positive. Also, it may cause faster growth than funded programs, especially when recei...
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作者：KAHN, CM; MOOKHERJEE, D
作者单位：Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi
摘要：This paper compares full-information insurance markets (a) with markets where accident-reducing effort levels are unverifiable but trades between every pair of agents are verifiable and (b) with markets where neither effort nor trades are verifiable. Markets are represented by a contracting game, with a solution concept allowing coordination among coalitions through information-constrained contracts. Each informational setting yields a correspondence between market outcomes and the appropriate...
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作者：CHAMBERS, RG
摘要：A general-equilibrium model is used to analyze agricultural policy incidence in the presence of distortionary income taxation. The incidence of lump-sum transfers to farmers, supply control through input retirement, and production subsidies are considered. Partial equilibrium incidence calculations are shown to systematically overstate the benefits farmers receive from farm programs. Kaldor's compensation test is used to judge the relative efficiency (inefficiency) of alternative farm programs...
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作者：JONES, A; ODONNELL, O
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：The impact of disability on household welfare is estimated by equivalence scales using data from the 1986-87 FES Disability Survey. Three methods of identifying scales from cross-section data are considered; these imply a series of restrictions that are tested on quadratic logarithmic Engel curves. The results indicate that there are substantial consumption costs associated with physical disability.
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作者：RAVALLION, M; VANDEWALLE, D; GAUTAM, M
摘要：Standard benefit-incidence analysis does not distinguish policy impacts on persistent poverty from transient poverty. We offer an alternative approach, based on actual and simulated joint distributions of consumption over time, which allows us to distinguish the extent of 'protection' against poverty from 'promotion' out of poverty. The approach is illustrated by an analysis of the distributional impact of changes in cash benefits introduced to compensate for other policy reforms in Hungary. C...
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作者：CREMER, H; GAHVARI, F
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
摘要：This paper re-examines the theory of optimal commodity taxation in the presence of a linear income tax, under wage uncertainty. There are two categories of goods: the consumption levels in one group are committed to before the resolution of uncertainty and those of the other after. The paper (i) characterizes the structure of the optimal commodity taxes in view of the insurance they provide against random wage movements, (ii) proves that optimal taxation requires a mix of differential commodit...
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作者：KHANNA, J; POSNETT, J; SANDLER, T
作者单位：University of York - UK; Colgate University
摘要：This paper presents a set of panel data estimates for 159 of the most prominent UK charities for the period 1983-1990. In evaluating alternative specifications, we settle on a fixed-effects estimation. Social welfare charities are shown to fund raise short of the point at which net revenues are maximized, whereas health and overseas charities are found to net revenue maximize. Religious charities maximize total revenues. Estimates of price and fund-raising elasticities are presented for charit...
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作者：HASSETT, KA; METCALF, GE
作者单位：Tufts University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA
摘要：Using panel data on individual tax returns and variation in state tax policy, we measure the impact of government tax policies to encourage residential conservation investment on the probability of making these investments. Unlike previous work, we account for unobserved heterogeneity in tastes for energy-saving activities and its possible correlation with tax policy at the state level. We find that controlling for unobserved heterogeneity is very important. Based on our preferred point estima...
