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作者：Baker, M; Payne, AA; Smart, M
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：Funding mechanisms for social expenditures are currently being reformed in many countries. While the theoretical implications of these changes are often easily identified, their empirical magnitude is not always as clear. For example, in federal systems social expenditure is often funded by matching grants, and estimates of the effect of varying matching rates on expenditures by sub-national governments vary widely. The ambiguity is due in part to inherent difficulties identifying price and in...
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作者：Kaganovich, M; Zilcha, I
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Tel Aviv University
摘要：We study the role of government's allocation of tax revenues between two outlays: public investment in education (a transfer to the young generation) and social security benefits to the older generation. In an overlapping generations economy with pay-as-you-go social security and altruistically motivated transfers from parents to children, we analyze how the allocation of the tax revenues between the two outlays affects growth and welfare in competitive equilibria: (a) we obtain comparative dy...
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作者：Quadrini, V
作者单位：Duke University; Duke University
摘要：This paper develops an endogenous growth model with redistributive taxation in which the growth rate of the economy affects the agents' preferences over redistributive policies, and therefore, the equilibrium level of taxation. The main mechanism through which the growth rate affects policy preferences is by changing the ability of the agents to learn their positions in the future distribution of incomes. The main result of the paper is that during periods of growth, the society opts for less ...
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作者：Innes, R
作者单位：University of Arizona
摘要：Many environmental laws encourage firms to self-report their violations to government regulators, rather than subject themselves to probabilistic enforcement. This paper studies self-reporting enforcement regimes when there are ex-post benefits of remediation or clean-up. Remediation benefits are shown to impart two advantages to the use of self-reporting beyond those identified elsewhere. Firstly, whereas non-reporting firms only engage in costly clean-up when they are caught by an enforcemen...
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作者：Maggs, P; Hoddinott, J
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：In developing countries, common property resources (CPRs) can be an important source of income for certain individuals within households. This paper demonstrates that if changes in the management of CPRs impose fixed costs on them, or cause a decline in the prices of goads produced from it, the intrahousehold allocation of resources may alter in a manner detrimental to those individuals. The paper also shows that the assumption of a unitary household model causes the detrimental effects of cer...
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作者：Razin, A; Sadka, E
作者单位：Tel Aviv University
摘要：Being relatively low earners, migrants are net beneficiaries of the welfare state. Therefore, in a static set-up, migration may be resisted by the entire native-born population. However, it is shown that in a dynamic set-up, with a pension system (which is an important pillar of any welfare state) migration is beneficial to all income (high and low) and all age (old and young) groups. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
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作者：Rondeau, D; Schulze, WD; Poe, GL
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University
摘要：A one-shot provision point mechanism with money-back guarantee and proportional rebate of excess contributions is tested in an induced value framework. and in experimental environments chosen to mimic field conditions. The results show that this relatively simple mechanism is empirically demand revealing in the aggregate when used with large groups of students who have heterogenous valuations for the public good. Approximately demand revealing behavior was obtained under three alternative info...
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作者：Plug, EJS; van Praag, BMS; Hartog, J
作者单位：Tinbergen Institute; University of Amsterdam; Wageningen University & Research; Tinbergen Institute; University of Amsterdam
摘要：The suggestion to tax people on earnings capacity instead of earnings has been around for a long time and is attractive in terms of economic efficiency. In this paper we reflect on the feasibility of such a system and give an exploratory empirical implementation. We apply the Leyden Welfare Function of Income, a survey based measure of an individual's welfare associated with income, to derive implications for ability taxation. Under the assumption that IQ and schooling reflect earnings capacit...
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作者：Lockwood, B
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper considers the problem facing a central government which can insure regional governments (by use of intergovernmental grants) against region-specific and privately observed shocks either to income, or demand for, or cost of, the public good. Notable results are: (i) depending on the source of the shock, the grant may induce over- or undersupply of the public good relative to the Samuelson rule; (ii) with public good spillovers between regions, there is two-way distortion of public go...
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作者：Currie, J; Thomas, D
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; RAND Corporation; Rand Health
摘要：Poor educational attainment is a persistent problem among US hispanic children, relative to non-hispanics. Many of these children are immigrants and/or come from households that use a minority language in the home. This paper examines the effects of participation ina government sponsored preschool program called Head Start on these children. We find that large and significant benefits accrue to Head Start children when we compare them to siblings who did not participate in the program. On aver...
