-
作者：Eissa, N; Hoynes, HW
作者单位：Georgetown University; Georgetown University; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A distinguishing feature of recent changes to the US system of public assistance is its increasing focus on working families and reliance on the tax system to transfer dollars to needy families. After a decade in near total obscurity, the earned income tax credit (EITC) was expanded to become the largest cash-transfer program for lower-income families with children. Advocates of the EITC argue that, unlike traditional welfare, the credit helps promote both the values of family and work. Indeed...
-
作者：Slemrod, J
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：The statutory rate and effective tax rate imposed on corporation income-as well as the dispersion of these rates-began to decline in the 1980s. Is this due to changes in the domestic determinants of corporate taxation or increases in international pressures for tax competition? This paper finds clear evidence that the corporate tax rate is insulated from a country's revenue needs: across countries, there is no association of the expenditure-GDP ratio with the corporate statutory rate and only ...
-
作者：Caillaud, B; Tirole, J
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：The paper analyzes the funding of an infrastructure project when an incumbent operator has private information about market profitability and the regulator does not have access to taxpayers' money. An open access policy raises welfare, but may make the project non-viable since funding must be provided by operators' capital contributions. We characterize the optimal market structure. The regulator can ask the incumbent to bear a higher share of investment cost if the latter insists on an exclus...
-
作者：Sheshinski, E
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：It has been argued that in the presence of an 'Atmosphere Externality' and competitive behavior by households, a uniform commodity tax on the extemality-generating good attains the first best. It is demonstrated, however, that if income redistribution is desirable then personalized taxes are required for a second-best optimum. Each of these taxes is the sum of a uniform (across households) tax and a component, positive or negative, which depends on the household's income and demand elasticitie...
-
作者：Blumkin, T; Sadka, E
作者单位：Tel Aviv University
摘要：In this paper we examine the properties of the optimal estate tax in the presence of a complete set of tax instruments available to the social planner. We allow for both types of bequest motives, namely altruistic and accidental. We examine the case for estate taxation which seems to be the strongest (but not impeccable) with accidental bequests. In general, the estate tax is highly sensitive to the relative importance of the two bequest motives. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
-
作者：Bilodeau, M; Childs, J; Mestelman, S
作者单位：McMaster University; University of New Brunswick; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University in Indianapolis
摘要：In some public goods environments it may be advantageous for heterogeneous groups to be coordinated by a single individual. This volunteer will bear private costs for acting as the leader while enabling each member of the group to achieve maximum potential gains. This environment is modeled as a War of Attrition game in which everyone can wait for someone else to volunteer. Since these games generally have multiple Nash equilibria but a unique subgame-perfect equilibrium, we tested experimenta...
-
作者：Desai, MA; Foley, CF; Hines, JR Jr
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Governments impose multiple taxes on foreign investors, though studies of the effect of tax policy on the location of foreign direct investment (FDI) focus almost exclusively on corporate income taxes. This paper examines the impact of indirect (non-income) taxes on FDI by American multinational firms, using affiliate-level data that permit the introduction of controls for parent companies and affiliate industries. Indirect tax burdens significantly exceed the foreign income tax obligations of...
-
作者：Milligan, K; Moretti, E; Oreopoulos, P
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Toronto
摘要：Many studies document an association between schooling and civic participation, but none credibly investigate causal links. We explore the effect of extra schooling induced through compulsory schooling laws on the likelihood of becoming politically involved in the United States and the United Kingdom. We find that educational attainment is related to several measures of political interest and involvement in both countries. We find a strong and robust relationship between education and voting f...
-
作者：Gersbach, H; Requate, T
作者单位：University of Kiel; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
摘要：We examine how refunding emission taxes to firms dependent on market shares should be designed. While refunding is harmful under perfect competition, a first-best self-financing tax/tax-refunding scheme exists if the marginal damage from pollution exceeds the marginal distortion in an imperfectly competitive output market with symmetric firms. Under pre-investment in cleaner technology with short-term abatement opportunities, a first-best refunding scheme exists if pollution refunding can be m...
-
作者：Palacios-Huerta, I; Santos, TJ
作者单位：Brown University; University of Chicago
摘要：The endogeneity of preferences implies that not only individual preferences-along with technologies, government policies, and the organization of society and markets-determine economic outcomes, but also that the economic, social, legal, and cultural structure of society affects preferences. This paper develops a general equilibrium model of incomplete markets in which preferences are endogenously determined. The key feature in the model is the interplay between the extent of the market, compe...
