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作者：Gordon, R; Kalambokidis, L; Slemrod, J
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：The U.S. income tax system has long been recognized as a hybrid of an income and consumption tax system, with elements that do not fit naturally into either pure system. What it actually is has important policy implications for, among other things, understanding the impact of moving closer to a pure consumption tax regime. In this paper, we examine the nature of the U.S. income tax system by calculating the revenue and distributional implications of switching from the current system to one for...
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作者：Mutuswami, S; Winter, E
作者单位：University of Essex; European University Institute; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：We propose two sequential mechanisms for efficient production of public goods. Our analysis differs from the existing literature in allowing for the presence of multiple public goods and in also being 'simple'. While both mechanisms ensure efficiency, the payoffs in the first mechanism are asymmetric, being sensitive to the order in which agents move. The second mechanism corrects for this through a two-stage game where the order of moves in the second stage is randomly determined. The payoffs...
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作者：Zhang, XB; Fan, SG; Zhang, LX; Huang, JK
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Chinese Academy of Sciences
摘要：In developing countries, identifying the most effective community-level governance mode is a key issue in rural development; therefore, empirical evaluation of these different modes is desperately needed. Since the 1980s, tens of thousands of villages in rural China have held local government elections, providing a good opportunity to investigate the effect of democratization on the level of public goods provision. Using a recent village survey conducted over a significant period of time, this...
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作者：Boone, J; Bovenberg, L
作者单位：Tilburg University
摘要：In order to explore the optimal taxation of low-skilled labor, we extend the standard model of optimal nonlinear income taxation in the presence of quasi-linear preferences in leisure by allowing for involuntary unemployment, job search and an exogenous welfare benefit. In trading off low-skilled employment against work effort of higher skilled workers, the government balances distortions on the search margin with those on work effort. Higher welfare benefits typically reduce taxes paid by low...
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作者：Nyborg, K; Telle, K
作者单位：Statistics Norway
摘要：Regulatory agencies frequently present violators with warnings, not pursuing prosecution if the violation ceases upon receipt of the warning. We show how such warnings may help regulators to keep control: Prosecution is costly for the regulator, and insufficient prosecution efforts yield low penalties. Thus, with a limited regulatory budget, threats of harsh sanctions are credible only if the number of violators is low. This produces multiple Nash equilibria. If firms may make mistakes, the ec...
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作者：Conde-Ruiz, JI; Galasso, V
作者单位：Bocconi University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Early retirement was introduced after the appearance of redundant middle-aged workers, not entitled to pensions. This distortionary policy reduces human capital accumulation and economic growth, but shifts part of the tax burden on future generations. Why was it adopted? Alternative policies, which do not introduce long-term distortions, but impose a larger cost on the current generation of workers, were blocked by a coalition of high income workers, who did not plan to retire early, but sough...
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作者：Slemrod, J
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作者：Laffont, JJ; Pouyet, J
作者单位：Universite PSL; Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：We study the choice of the regulatory structure when a firm engages in different activities for different countries. Under decentralization regulatory contracts suffer from two opposite distortions: the competition between regulatory authorities leads to too high-powered contracts; however, with a dispersed ownership structure, contracts tend to be too low-powered. For sufficiently substitutable activities, decentralization always leads to an inefficient drift towards fixed-price contracts. No...
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作者：Saez, E
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper analyzes the optimal treatment of tax expenditures. It develops an optimal tax model where individuals derive utility from spending on a contribution good such as charitable giving. The contribution good has also a public good effect on all individuals in the economy. The government imposes linear taxes on earnings and on the contribution good so as to maximize welfare. The government may also finance directly the contribution good out of tax revenue. Optimal tax and subsidy rates o...
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作者：Finkelstein, A
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper examines the implications of minimum standards for insurance markets. I study the imposition of binding minimum standards on the market for voluntary private health insurance for the elderly. The central estimates suggest that the introduction of the standards was associated with an 8 percentage point (25%) decrease in the proportion of the population with coverage in the affected market, with no evidence of substitution toward other, unregulated sources of insurance coverage. To ex...
