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作者：Hanushek, EA; Kain, JF; Rivkin, SG
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; National Bureau of Economic Research; Amherst College
摘要：Most students change schools at some point in their academic careers, but some change very frequently and some schools experience a great deal of turnover. While many argue that mobility harms students, economists tend to emphasize Tiebout type moves to procure better school quality (SQ). This paper disentangles the disruption effects of moves from changes in SQ. Importantly, it identifies the negative externality movers impose on other students. Student turnover is shown to entail a substanti...
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作者：Wilson, JD; Wildasin, DE
作者单位：Michigan State University; University of Kentucky
摘要：This paper reviews potential advantages and disadvantages of capital tax competition. Tax competition may introduce, mitigate, or exacerbate inefficiencies in both the private sector and the public sector. In different models, tax competition may either limit or increase public expenditures and taxes on mobile factors, with differing welfare consequences. We also discuss the implications of tax competition for redistributive policies and for policies dealing with risk, and we identify some of ...
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作者：Bortolotti, B; Fantini, M; Siniscalco, D
作者单位：Fondazione Mattei; University of Turin; Fondazione Mattei
摘要：Why do countries privatise? This paper presents new evidence from a panel of 34 countries over the 1977-1999 period. The empirical analysis shows that privatisation takes place typically in wealthy democracies, encumbered by high public debt, but endowed with deep and liquid stock markets. Budget and 'market' constraints matter, but legal institutions are also important. Indeed, the extent of privatisation in terms of revenues and stakes sold appears more limited in civil law countries, where ...
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作者：Aronsson, T; Sjögren, T
作者单位：Umea University
摘要：This paper is related to the literature on optimal nonlinear taxation under right-to-manage wage formation, and we assume that the fall-back profit facing firms during wage bargaining depends on the profit they can obtain if moving production abroad. The purpose is to study how policy coordination among countries can be used to increase the welfare level in comparison with an uncoordinated equilibrium. We consider coordinated policy reforms with respect to the marginal taxation of labor income...
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作者：Fang, HM; Silverman, D
作者单位：Yale University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Supporters of recent welfare reforms argue that time limits and other eligibility restrictions serve recipients. We present a simple model of agents with present-biased preferences to investigate the theoretical validity of this claim. We first identify four types of outcome that describe the behavior of a present-biased agent in the absence of time limits. We then show that the behavioral consequences of time limits are contingent on which outcome characterizes the agent's behavior in the abs...
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作者：Kubik, JD
作者单位：Syracuse University
摘要：This paper studies the short-run incidence of personal income taxation in the US by examining how the wage structure shifted after the Tax Reform Act of 1986. I calculate the marginal tax rate for the median worker of each occupation during the 1980s to determine the professions whose workers were most affected by the tax change. When controlling for trends over time in the wage structure by occupation, I find that individuals in occupations that experienced large decreases in their median mar...
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作者：McDonald, RL
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：It is common for firms to issue or purchase options on the firm's own stock. Examples include convertible bonds, warrants, call options as employee compensation, and the sale of put options as part of share repurchase programs. This paper shows that option positions with implicit borrowing - such as put sales and call purchases - are tax-disadvantaged relative to the equivalent synthetic option with explicit borrowing. Conversely, option positions with implicit lending - such as warrants - are...
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作者：Wenzel, M; Taylor, N
作者单位：Australian National University; Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC)
摘要：In an experiment in collaboration with the Australian Taxation Office (ATO), rental property schedules (RPS) were sent to taxpayers for them to itemize their deductions and return the RPS to the ATO. The intervention significantly reduced deductions compared to taxpayers who did not have to return the RPS, taxpayers who received only an information letter, and a no-contact control group-regardless of a cooperative versus deterring letter tone and first-time versus second-time participation of ...
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作者：Heim, BT; Meyer, BD
作者单位：Duke University; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Works costs have not been adequately handled in labor supply estimation, likely due to their complexity. We show that, if work costs are not accounted for in the budget and time constraints in a structural labor supply model, they will be subsumed into the data generating preferences. Even if underlying preferences over consumption and leisure are convex, the presence of unobservable work costs can make these preferences appear nonconvex. However, we show that, under plausible conditions, poli...
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作者：Alesina, A; Di Tella, R; MacCulloch, R
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Harvard University; Harvard University; Princeton University
摘要：We study the effect of the level of inequality in society on individual well-being using a total of 123,668 answers to a survey question about happiness. We find that individuals have a lower tendency to report themselves happy when inequality is high, even after controlling for individual income, a large set of personal characteristics, and year and country (or, in the case of the US, state) dummies. The effect, however, is more precisely defined statistically in Europe than in the US. In add...
